Anatomy of the lower limb

Question 1

what are the 3 intrinsic ligaments of the hip joint?

Answer 1

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

Question 2

which muscles are responsible for hip abduction and medial rotation?

Answer 2

gluteus medius and minimus

Question 3

which nerves innervate gluteus Maximus, medium and minimus?

Answer 3

maximus- inferior gluteal nerve

medius and minimus- superior gluteal nerve

Question 4

what is the action of gluteus Maximus?

Answer 4

hip extension and assists in lateral rotation

Question 5

name the deep lateral rotators of the gluteal region and their innervation?

Answer 5

piriformis- nerve to piriformis
obturator internus- nerve to obturator internus
gemelli- superior- nerve to obturator internus, inferior- nerve to quadratus femoris
quadratus femoris- nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 6

which muscles are responsible for hip flexion and their innervation?

Answer 6

anterior thigh muscles- Iliopsoas, sartorial and quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris)
innervation- femoral nerve except psoas major portion of iliopsoas (anterior rami of L1 to L3 )

Question 7

what are the muscles of quadriceps femoris and their action and innervation?

Answer 7

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis 
vastus intermedius 
vastus medius 
action- mainly knee extension, some hip flexion 
innervation- femoral nerve

Question 8

what is the action and innervation of pectinius?

Answer 8

transitional muscle between the anterior and medial compartment
action- adduction and hip flexion
innervation- femoral nerve and obturator nerve

Question 9

what are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh and their action ?

Answer 9

biceps femoris
semitenidinous
semimembranous
action- knee flexion, hip extension

Question 10

what is the common origin and innervation of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 10

origin- ischial tuberosity (except short head of biceps femoris- linea aspera)
innervation- sciatic nerve- all tibial part except short head of biceps femoris- common fibular part

Question 11

what is the blood supply of the posterior compartment of the thigh ?

Answer 11

inferior gluteal nerve and perforating branches of profunda femoris

Question 12

what is the action of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 12

adduction of thigh (some knee flexion and lateral rotation)

Question 13

what are the muscles of the medial compartment?

Answer 13

Adductor Magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, obturator externus, gracilis

Question 14

what is the innervation of the medial compartment?

Answer 14

all obturator nerve except hamstring part of Adductor Magnus- tibial part of siatic nerve

Question 15

what is the blood supply of the medial compartment?

Answer 15

obturator artery- branch of internal iliac

Question 16

what is the pas anserinus?

Answer 16

the common tendinous insertion of sartorius, gracilis and semitendinous onto the medial surface of the tibia

Question 17

what are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 17

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius

Question 18

what are the actions of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 18

dorsiflex and invert the foot and ankle

Question 19

what is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 19

deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Question 20

what is the blood supply of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 20

anterior tibial artery

Question 21

what are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg and their action?

Answer 21

fibularis longus
fibularis brevis
action- eversion of the foot (some plantar flexion)

Question 22

what is the innervation of the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 22

superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve- terminal branch of common fibular nerve

Question 23

what is the arterial supply of the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 23

perforating branches from the anterior tibial artery (proximally) and from the fibular artery (distally)

Question 24

what are the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg and their common insertion?

Answer 24

gastrocnemius
plantaris
soleus
insertion- form the calcaneal tendon and insert on the calcneous

Question 25

what are the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 25

popliteus- unlocks knee tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus

Question 26

what are the actions of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 26

plantar flexes foot and toes and invert the foot | also flexes knee (gastrocnemius and plantaris)

Question 27

what is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 27

tibial nerve

Question 28

what is the blood supply of the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 28

posterior tibial artery

Question 29

what are the seven tarsal bones?

Answer 29

talus, calmness, navicular, cuboid, medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiform

Question 30

what is the subtalar joint?

Answer 30

a plane synovial joint between the talus and calcaneus

Question 31

what are the arches of the foot?

Answer 31

medial longitudinal arch lateral longitudinal arch transverse arch