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Anatomy YR1 > Anatomy of the lower limb > Flashcards

Anatomy of the lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the acetabulum

A

The acetabulum (socket) is deep and encompasses nearly all of the head of the femur.

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2
Q

Artiuclation of femur

A

The femurarticulates with the pelvis at the acetabulum to form thehip joint
Medial and lateral condyles articulate with tibia and patella

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3
Q

What is the medial malleolus

A

Medial malleolus: a medial bony projection continuing inferiorly. It articulates with the tarsal bones to form part of the ankle joint.

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4
Q

What is the lateral malleolus

A

Lateral malleolus: a lateral bony projection continuing inferiorly. It articulates with the tarsal bones to form part of the ankle joint.
PArt of the fibula

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5
Q

3 main articulations of fibula

A

Proximal tibiofibular joint– articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia.
Distal tibiofibular joint– articulates with the fibular notch of the tibia.
Ankle joint– articulates with the talus bone of the foot.

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6
Q

What are the superficial abductors and extenders

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus.

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7
Q

What are the deep lateral rotators

A 
Quadratus femoris
Piriformis
Gemellus superior
Gemellus inferior
Obturator internus.
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8
Q

What is the tensor fascia latae

A

gluteal muscle that acts as a flexor, abductor, and internal rotator of the hip in addition to tensing the iliotibial tract

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9
Q

What is the iliotibial tract

A

Theiliotibial tractis a lateral thickening of the fascia lata, which is strengthened by fibres from thegluteus maximus. It extends from the iliac tubercle to the lateral tibial condyle.

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10
Q

Purpose and innervation of anterior compartment of thigh

A

Extends the leg at theknee joint
Flexes the hip

Innervated by thefemoral nerve(L2-L4)

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11
Q

3 major muscles of the anterrior thigh

A

Pectineus
Sartorius
Quadriceps Femoris

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12
Q

Where does each part of the iliopsoas originate and where does it insert

A

Psoas major: T12-L4
Iliacus: Iliac fossa

Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

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13
Q

Function of iliopsoas

A

Major flexor of hip

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14
Q

What muscles make up the quadriceps femoris

A

Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Rectus femoris

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15
Q

What attaches the quadriceps fermoris to the patella

A

Quadriceps tendon

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16
Q

Origin, insertion and function of the sartorius

A

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Insertion: Tibia (superior medial surface)
Function: Flexor, abductor, and lateral rotator of the hip. Flexor of the knee.

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17
Q

Origin, insertion and action of the pectineus

A

Origin: Pectineal line on the anterior surface of the pelvis
Insertion: Pectineal line on the posterior side of the femur (inferior to lesser trochanter)
Actions: Adduction and flexion at the hip joint.

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18
Q

What are the muscles of the medial component of the thigh

A 
Gracilis
Obturator externus
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Adductor minimi
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19
Q

What are the hip adductors (medial compartment of thigh) innervated by

A

Obturator nerve

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20
Q

Origin, insertion and function of obturarot externus and adductors

A

Origin: Pubis
Insertion: Femur
Function: Adduction and lateral rotation of the thigh.

21
Q

Origin, insertion and function of gracilis

A

Origin: Pubis
Insertion: Medial surface of the tibia, between the tendons of the sartorius (anteriorly) and the semitendinosus (posteriorly).
Function: Adduction of the thigh at the hip, and flexion of the leg at the knee.

22
Q

What muscles make up the posterior compartment of thigh

What innervates them

A

Biceps femoris (most lateral)
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus (most medial)

Innervated by sciatic nerve

23
Q

Origin insertions and function of the hamstrings

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity of the pelvis
Insertions:
-Biceps femoris: head of the fibula
-Semimembranosus and semitendinosus: medial tibia

Function: Extend hip and flex knee

24
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment of leg

A

Tibialis anterior

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor hallucis longus

25
Q

Origin and insertion of tibialis anterior

A

Tibialis anterior
Origin: Tibia (lateral surface)
Insertion: Metatarsal I, medial cuneiform

26
Q

Origin nad insertion of extensor digitorum longus

A

Extensor digitorum longus
Origin: Tibia and fibula
Insertion: Phalanges II:V

27
Q

Origin and insertion of extensor hallucis longus

A

Extensor hallucis longus
Origin: Fibula
Insertion: Distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)

28
Q

Muscles of the lateral compartment of leg

Their origin and insertion included

A

Fibularis (peroneal) longus
Origin: Fibula (Proximal 2/3)
Insertion: Medial cuneiform, Metatarsal I

Fibularis (peroneal) brevis
Origin: Fibula (Distal 2/3)
Insertion: Metatarsal V

29
Q

What are the 3 superficial msucles of the psoterior compartment of leg

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

30
Q

Origin insertion and function of gastrocnemius

A

Origin:
Lateral head: Lateral femoral condyle
Medial head: Medial femoral condyle.
Insertion: Calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon with soleus and plantaris)
Function:Plantarflexes ankle and flexes the knee

31
Q

Origin, insertion and function of soleus

A

Origin: Soleal line of the tibia and proximal fibula.
Insertion: Calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon with gastrocnemius and plantaris)
Function: Plantarflexes the foot at the ankle joint.

32
Q

Origin, insertion and function of plantaris

A

Origin: Lateral supracondylar line of the femur.
Insertion: Calcaneus (via calcaneal tendon with gastrocnemius and soleus)
Function: Plantarflexes ankle, flexes knee.

33
Q

4 deep muscles of the posterior leg

A

Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitiorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

34
Q

origin, insertion and function of popliteus

A

Origin: Lateral condyle of femur
Insertion: Proximal tibia
Function: Initiates flexion of locked knee

35
Q

Origin, insertion and function of tibialis posterior

A

Origin: Posterior tibia and fibula

Insertion: Navicular, medial cuneiform

Function: Plantarflexion, foot inversion

36
Q

Origin, insertion and function of flexor digitorum longus

A

Origin: Medial/posterior tibia
Insertion: Distal phalanx II:V
Function: Plantarflexion, foot inversion, flex toes

37
Q

Origin, insertion and function of flexor hallucis longus

A

Origin: Distal 2/3 of fibula
Insertion: Distal phalanx I
Function: Plantarflexion, foot inversion, flex hallux

38
Q

Origin of the first plantar layer of foot

A

All originate on calcaneal tuberosity and the plantar aponeurosis

39
Q

Insertion and function of the first plantar layer of foot

A

Abductor hallucis
Insertion: Proximal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
Function: Abduct and flex hallux

Flexor digitorum brevis
Insertion: Middle phalanges II:V
Function: Flex toes II:V

Abductor digiti minimi
Insertion: Proximal phalanx V
Function: Abduct and flex toe V

40
Q

Origin, insertion and function of quadratus plantae

A

Origin:
-Lateral border of calcaneus (lateral head)
-medial border of calcaneus (medial head)
Insertion: Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Function: Flex toes II:V

41
Q

Origin, insertion and function of lumbricals

A

Origin: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Insertion: Proximal phalanges of toes II:V
Function: Flex and adduct toes II:V

42
Q

Origin, insertion and function of flexor hallucis brevis

A

Origin: Cuboid, lateral cuneiform, medial cuneiform
Insertion: Medial and lateral surfaces of proximal phalanx I (of the hallux)
Function: Flex hallux

43
Q

origin, insertion and function of adductor hallucis

A

Origin: Metatarsals II:IV (transverse head)
Lateral cuneiform, cuboid (oblique head)
Insertion: Proximal phalanx of hallux
Function: Adduct and flex hallux

44
Q

Origin, insertion and function of flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Origin: Metatarsal V
Insertion: Proximal phalanx V
Function: Plantarflexion of digit V

45
Q

Origin, insertion and function of plantar interossei

A

Origin: Medial surfaces of metatarsals III:V
Insertion: Proximal phalanges III:V
Function: Flex and adduct toes III:V

46
Q

Dorsal interossei (four muscles) origin, insertion and function

A

Origin: Medial and lateral surface of each metatarsal
(except medial of metatarsal I and lateral of metatarsal V)
Insertion: Proximal phalanges of toes II:IV
Function: Flex and abduct toes II:IV

47
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis origin,insertion and function

A

Origin: Calcaneus
Insertion: Extensor digitorum longus tendons (toes II:IV)
Function: Extend toes II:IV

48
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis origin, insertion and function

A

Origin: Calcaneus
Insertion: Proximal phalanx I
Function: Extend hallux

Anatomy YR1 (29 decks)

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