Anatomy of the nervous system

Question 1

label this

Answer 1

Question 2

What protects the brain against internal/external environment

Answer 2

blood-brain barrier
blood spinal cord barrier
meninges, skull and vertebral column

Question 3

where is CSF made

Answer 3

choroid plexus

Question 4

where does CSF drain

Answer 4

superior sagittal sinus

Question 5

what structures in the superior sagittal sinus allow CFS to drain

Answer 5

arachnoid villi

Question 6

what structures in the superior sagittal sinus allow CFS to drain

Answer 6

arachnoid villi

Question 7

what does trophic mean

Answer 7

relating to nourishment

Question 8

what’s the difference bewteen an Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte

Answer 8

Schwann=PNS only myelinates one neurone
ODC=CNS, can myelinate several neurones and/or several regions of the same neurone

Question 9

where are Purkinje cells found and what do they look like?

Answer 9

in the cerebellum
very many dendrites, looks like a tree

Question 10

what do astrocytes do?

Answer 10

form the blood brain barrier with their feet, also trophic influence on neurones

Question 11

What do microglia do? Which other cells do they resemble (in job anyway)?

Answer 11

mediate neuroinflammation. phagocytotic, same job as macrophages but in the CNS

Question 12

what else do astrocytes do?

Answer 12

take up excess neurotransmitter

Question 13

describe the dura mater

Answer 13

double layered (folded on itself)
periosteal layer attached to skull
meningeal attached to arachnoid

Question 14

what is the pia mater

Answer 14

brain bag

Question 15

what is this, what does it do

Answer 15

Circle of Willis
circulatory anastamosis in the brain. Allows bi-directional blood flow (mediated by pressure) across all bits of the brain

Question 16

compare th earrangement of grey and white mater in the brain and spinal cord

Answer 16

brain: grey on the outside, white on the inside
SC: opposite

Question 17

what is in grey matter

Answer 17

neural cell bodies

Question 18

what is in white matter

Answer 18

axons and glial cells

Question 19

what is the corpus callosum

Answer 19

bundle of nerve fibres connecting the hemispheres

Question 20

label this

Answer 20

Question 21

what does the brainstem do

Answer 21

provides innervation to the face and neck
has conductive functions: ascending and descending tracts

Question 22

what does the reticular formation do and where is it

Answer 22

in the brainstem; integrative functions such as sleep/wake cycle, consciousness, language, thinking etc

Question 23

how many lobes does the cerebellum have abd what do they look like

Answer 23

3, anterior, middle/posterior, flocculonodular. rolled up tree

Question 24

what are commissural fibres

Answer 24

connect r and l part of brain

Question 25

what do association fibres do

Answer 25

connect different parts of the brain together

Question 26

name some commissural fibres

Answer 26

corpus callosum anterior/posterior commissure

Question 27

what do projection fibres do

Answer 27

project to/from peripheral NS from brain

Question 28

name a projection fibre

Answer 28

corona radiata internal capsule

Question 29

label this

Answer 29

Question 30

where does brainstem become spinal cord

Answer 30

around c1/2 ie after foranum magnum

Question 31

what does the cerebellum get involved with

Answer 31

proprioception balance eye mvt coordination

Question 32

how does the cerebrum communicate with the cerebellum

Answer 32

3 peduncles sup, mid, inf

Question 33

what does the inferior peduncle do

Answer 33

afferent information via nerves from periphery

Question 34

what does the middle peduncle do

Answer 34

afferent info from motor cortex

Question 35

what does the superior peduncle do

Answer 35

efferent nerves to the thalamus and red nucleus

Question 36

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there

Answer 36

31

Question 37

where do afferent nerves feed into?

Answer 37

dorsal root ganglion

Question 38

where do efferent nerves emerge?

Answer 38

ventral root

Question 39

label this

Answer 39

Question 40

what are the exit levels for the cranial nerves

Answer 40

2,2,4,4, 1,2 cerebrum 3,4, midbrain 5678, pons 9,10,11,12 medulla

Question 41

what are the cranial nerves

Answer 41

Olfactory Optic Occulomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducent Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal

Question 42

what colour is myelin on electromicrograph

Answer 42

black

Question 43

what is a bundle of neuronal axons called

Answer 43

a fascicle

Question 44

what are plexi

Answer 44

combinations of spinal nerve roots

Question 45

what are the plexi

Answer 45

c1-c4 cervical c5-t1 brachial l1-l4 lumbar l4-s4 sacral s4-co coccygeal

Question 46

why no plexi in the trunk

Answer 46

don't need the complexity. only innervates respiratory muscles