Anatomy of the Nervous System Flashcards
(28 cards)
What’s the difference btwn the CNS and PNS?
CNS = brain and spinal cord
PNS = all other nervous tissue
What are the two types of cells found in the nervous tissue?
neurons and glia
What are the main functions of neurons and glia?
Neurons compute and communicate info from NS, glia are supportive cells
Describe the structures of a neuron
cell body, dendrites, axons, synapses, myelin, nodes of Ranvier
Give an example of a type of neuron that’s classified by its structure, function, or other characteristic
Unipolar, bipolar, multipolar, sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), interneurons
What’s an example of a glial cell and its function
Oligodendrocytes & Schwann (myelination, insulation)
What are the anatomical planes?
Frontal/coronal (front-back)
Transverse/horizontal (up-down)
Sagittal (left-right)
Superior / Inferior
Proximal / Distal
Above / below
Near / far
Medial / Lateral
Anterior / Posterior
towards middle / towards edge
front / back
Ventral / Dorsal
Cephalic (Rostral) / Caudal
belly-side / back-side
closer to head / tail
What’re the 6 common divisions of the NS?
What’re the 4 major regions of the CNS?
cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord
What structures protect the brain and spinal cord?
bones, meninges
Describe the components of the ventricular system in the brain and spinal cord
4 fluid-filled ventricles lined with glial cells that produce CSF
How does the neural tube form?
neural plate -> neural groove -> neural fold -> neural tube
Describe growth & differentiation of anterior neural tube into primary and secondary vesicles
@ 3-4 weeks, neural tube forms into 3 primary vesicles. 5 weeks they differentiate further into 5 secondary vesicles.
What’re the mechanisms of postnatal brain development?
Plasticity, pruning, increase in size
Describe development of posterior neural tube into adult spinal cord
posterior neural tube separates from the ectoderm & the cell walls differentiate into neurons and glia
Identify at least 4 stages of neuron development
neuron production, migration, differentiation, synaptogenesis, myelination, pruning
gray matter vs white matter
gray = neuronal cell bodies
white = myelinated axons
What’re the structures that compromise the CNS?
What’re the 3 main parts of the brain?
What’re the lobes of the cerebrum and their locations?
Identify the components of the diencephalon and describe their functions
