Anatomy of the perineum Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Anatomy of the perineum Deck (25)
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1
Q

What are the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

coccygeus M and levator ani

they are former tail wagging muscles

2
Q

What is the doorway to get into the urogenital diaphragm?

A

lesser sciatic foramen

3
Q

Where is the perineum?

A

in pelvic outlet between ishial tuberosities,

inferior to pelvic diaphragm

4
Q

What is the urogenital triangle?

A

contains the Superficial and deep perineal structures

5
Q

What is the anal triangle?

A

the space inferior to Sphincter ani externis (& ishiorectal fossa)
deep → puborectalis & smooth anal mm.
it is mostly empty space

6
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

Pyramidal fibromuscular node where muscle and fascia converge in superficial perineal space.
muscles of the superficial perineum attaches

7
Q

What are the layers of the perineum?

A

Superior fascia
deep perineal space/pouch (superior to perineal membrane)
perineal membrane
superficial perineal pouch (inferior to perineal membrane)
structures in superficial pouch
Muscles in superficial pouch
superficila perineal fascia (colles fascia)

8
Q

What is in the deep perineal space?

A

sphincter urethrae m.
deep transversus perineus m.
Cowper’s glands in males;

9
Q

What is in the superficial perineal pouch from deep to superficial?

A

erectile tissue, associated muscles, greater vestibular (Bartholin) glands,
paraurethral (Skene’s) glands,
superficial transversus perineus m.
perineal body

10
Q

What forms the perineal body?

A

bulbospongiosus muscle s
superficial and deep transverses muscles
puborectalis
external ani sphincter

11
Q

What is the blood supply of the internal organs of the perineum receive?

A

internal pudendal from internal iliac

12
Q

What is the blood supply of the overlying skin of the perineum?

A

external pudendal from femoral

13
Q

What is the degree of tears of child birth?

A

2nd degree
3rd degree
4th degree

14
Q

what is a 2nd degree tear?

A

torn through the perineal muscles

15
Q

What is a 3rd degree tear?

A

torn through the perineal muscles, perineal body & anal sphincter

16
Q

What is a fourth degree tear?

A

tearing the perineal muscles, perineal body anal sphincter and rectum
(through perineal body)

17
Q

What is a episiotomy?

A

cutting the vagina and the UG diaphragm to avoid taring during birth

18
Q

What or the the types of cuts in an episiotomy?

A

midline cut

mediolateral cut

19
Q

What is avoided if a mediolateral cut is performed?

A

perineal body

20
Q

which cut is easier to suture and less blood?

A

midline cut

21
Q

Where is the urogenital hiatus?

A

surrounds vagina

22
Q

What is the prepuce of the vagina?

A

foreskin around the clitoris

23
Q

Where is the clitoris when a women is excited?

A

it moves under the foreskin

24
Q

What is a hypospadia?

A

birth defect in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis or below the penis

25
Q

What is epispadia?

A

urethral opening on top of the penis