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Anatomy of the repro system Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Bony pelvis

A

right and left pelvic bones
fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis
sacrum
coccyx

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2
Q

pelvic inlet

A

circular opening where the abdominal cavity is continuous with pelvic cavity

sacral promontory protrudes into this opening

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3
Q

pelvic outlet

A

diamond shaped

bound by pubic symphysis, pubic arches, inferior pubic rami, ishcial rami, sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx

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4
Q

sciatic notch

A

between posterior inferior iliac spine and ischial spine

greater sciatic foramen is created by sacrospinous ligament

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5
Q

Female pelvis

A

Pelvic inlet: wide, oval

Sacrum: short, straight

Coccyx: straighter

Sciatic notch: wide

Subpubic angle: broad and round

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6
Q

male pelvis

A

Pelvic inlet: narrow, heart shaped

Sacrum: long, prominent

Coccyx: curves ventrally

Sciatic notch: narrow

Subpubic angle: deep, acute

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7
Q

pelvic diaphragm

A

levator ani and coccygeous

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8
Q

coccygeus

A

deep to sacrospinous ligament

pulls coccyx forward after defecation

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9
Q

levator ani

A

made up of: iliococcygeous, pubococcygeous

contract when abdominal pressure is raised to support pelvic organs

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10
Q

pubococcygeous

A

part of levator ani

helps maintain urinary and fecal continence

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11
Q

puborectalis

A

relaxes and contracts the anorectal angle to control defecation

aids in voluntary control of micturition

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12
Q

Four regions of uterus

A

fundus: connects uterine tubes

body

isthmus

cervix

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13
Q

anteverted/anteflexed

A

normal position of utuerus

oriented anteriorly towards the bladder

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14
Q

flexion

A

angle between uterine body and isthmus

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15
Q

version

A

angle between cervical canal and vagina

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16
Q

retroverted/retroflexed

A

anatomical variation

uterus is oriented posteriorly towards the rectum

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17
Q

broad ligament

A

peritoneum that drapes of the uterus

double layer (mesentery)

three parts:
mesometrium: uterus
Mesovarium: ovary
mesosalpinx: uterine tube

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18
Q

suspensory ligament of the ovary

A

ovarian vessels travel from aorta to ovary

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19
Q

ovarian ligament

A

attaches inferomedial pole of ovary to uterus

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20
Q

round ligament of the uterus

A

continuous with ovarian ligament and travels from uterus laterally to enter the deep inguinal ring

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21
Q

vesicouterine pouch

A

between bladder and uterus

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22
Q

rectouterine pouch

A

between uterus and rectum

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23
Q

pubovesical ligaments

A

from pubic bones to bladder

damage can lead to incontinence or bladder prolapse

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24
Q

transverse cervical ligaments

A

“cardinal ligaments”
from uterus to lateral pelvic wall

damage can lead to uterine prolapse

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25
uterosacral ligaments
from uterus to sacrum
26
testes
descend into scrotum during development attached to seminal vesicle via the vas deferens
27
vas deferens
passes in the spermatic cord, ascends into scrotum, passes through inguinal canal, then courses retroperitoneally to joint the duct of the seminal vesicles (ejaculatory ducts)
28
ejaculation ducts
embedded in prostate
29
path of semen in ejaculation
``` seminiferous tubules in testis epdidymis vas deferens ejaculatory duct urethra tip of penis ```
30
tunica vaginalis
pouch of peritoneum attaches to anterior and lateral aspect of the testes visceral and parietal layer
31
descent of testis forms
inguinal canal and spermatic cord covered by abdominal wall layers
32
layers of abdominal wall that cover descent of testis
external spermatic fascia: External oblique aponeurosis cremasteric fascia/muscle: internal oblique aponeurosis internal spermatic fascia: transversalis fascia
33
spermatic cord
contains: ilioinguinal nerve genital branch of genitofemoral nerve testicular artery pampinoform plexus lymphatics vas deferens
34
inguinal canal
oblique passageway through abdominal wall begins at deep inguinal ring passes under transverse abdominal and internal oblique ends at superficial inguinal ring
35
deep inguinal ring
opening in the transversalis fascia
36
superficial inguinal ring
opening in aponeurosis of external oblique male: contains spermatic cord female: contains round ligament of the uterus
37
indirect hernia
in the inguinal canal, into the deep inguinal ring lateral to epigastric vessels
38
direct hernia
directly through abdominal wall medial to inferior epigastric vessels lateral to the rectus abdominus superior to inguinal ligament called inguinal/Hasselbach's triangle
39
internal iliac branches common to males and females
iliolumbar lateral sacral superior gluteal inferior gluteal internal pudendal -- inferior rectal branch umbilical -- superior vesicle arteries to the bladder obturator middle rectal
40
special female arteries
uterine and vaginal
41
special male arteries
vas deferns that comes off the umbilical artery
42
internal iliac artery lymph
internal iliac nodes then common iliac nodes then lateral aortic nodes
43
superficial and deep inguinal nodes
receive lymph from perineum and lower limb and drain to external iliac nodes (then common and lateral aortic nodes)
44
lateral aortic nodes
receive lymph from direct aortic arteries drain the the cisterna chyli and thoracic duct
45
sympathetic innervation
Preganglion: T10-T12 (lesser and least splanchnic), L1-L2 (lumbar splanchnic) ganglion: pelvic Postganglionic: hypogastric plexus Actions - vasoconstriction - relaxation of bladder smooth muscle - contraction of internal urethral and anal sphincter - contraction of smooth muscle of reproductive tract - ejaculation
46
parasympathetic innervation
Preganglionic: S2-S4 Ganglia: located in wall of organ postganglionic: hypogastric plexus actions - vasodilation - contraction of bladder smooth muscle - relaxation of internal anal sphincter - modulates activity of enteric nerves to increase peristalsis of distal colon and rectum - erection
47
visceral afferents from intraperitoneal pelvic viscera
travel via hypogastric nerves to aortic plexus and lumbar splanchnic nerves (sympathetics) cause uterine contractions
48
visceral afferents from subperitoneal pelvic viscera
travel via pelvic splanchnic nerves S2-4 (parasympathetics) afferent fibers from lower vagina and perineum travel via pudendal nerves S2-4 cause cervical dilation and upper vagina dilation
49
micturition reflex
Filling phase and voiding phase
50
detrusor muscle
smooth muscle that makes up the bladder
51
internal urethral sphincter
smooth muscle at pelvic floor
52
external urethral sphincter
voluntary striated muscle
53
filling phase in bladder
sympathetic nervous system relaxation of detrusor muscles contraction of internal urethral sphincter
54
signals when voiding is inappropriate
efferent impulses inhibit parasympathetic neurons in sacral spinal cord continue to stimulate contraction of external sphincter via the pudendal nerve
55
signals when voiding is appropriate
- afferents of pelvic splanchnic nerves stimulate para to contract detrusor - visceral afferents stimulate ascending pathways to brain that result in conscious desire to urinate - descending impulses decrease sympathetic output - descending signals stimulate para to contract detrusor - descending signals inhibit pudendal nerve to allow for voluntary relaxation of external sphincter
56
perineum
diamond shaped area below the pelvic floor and between the thighs divided into two triangles by drawing a line between ishcial tuberosities - urogenital triangle - anal triangle
57
pudendal nerve
S2-4
58
deep perineal pough
division of urogenital triangle between pelvic diaphragm and perineal membrane contains part of urethra and external sphincter in males: contains bulbourehtral glands in females: contains part of the vagina, compressor urethrae, adn sphincter urethrovaginalis
59
perineal membrane
-touch fascia that provides attachment for external genitalia and helps support pelvic organs
60
superficial perineal pouch
between perineal membrane and perineal fascia contains external genitalia
61
perineal body
connective tissue (central tendon) into which pelvic floor and perineal muscles attach midline of the perineum
62
male erectile tissue
corpora cavernosa corpus spongiosum
63
female erectile tissue
vestibular bulbs (deep to labia majora, separated by vaginal opening) crura of the clitoris --> join to form body and glans of clitoris
64
bulbospongiosum
covers proximal end of corpus spongiosum (bulb of penis) covers vestibular bulbs in females
65
ischiocavernosum
covers proximal end of corpora cavernosa (crus of the penis) covers crus of clitoris in female lies along pubic rami
66
superficial transverse perineal muscles
runs on posterior border of urogenital triangle
67
parasympathetics in sex
S2-4 pelvic splanchnic erection by vasodilation crimps veins so there is no drainage of blood
68
sympathetics in sex
orgasm/ejaculation contract smooth muscle of epidymal ducts, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate

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