Anatomy of the reproductive system

Question 1

What does the pelvis and perineuem contain?

Answer 1

• The pelvic cavity that is continuous with the abdominal cavity
• Pelvic inlet and outlet
• Greater/false pelvis : area superior to the pelvic inlet, contains abdominal organs
• Lesser/true pelvis : area between the pelvic inlet and pelvic floor, contains reproductive otgans and terminal parts of the urinary and GI system
• Peineum - ingerior to the pelvic floor

Question 2

Kind of looks like a butterfly

What is the pelvic girdle?

Answer 2

-Made up of the sacrum and coccyx and two innominate bones
The sacrum articulayes with innominate bones at the sacrioliac joints - synovial plane joints
Innominate bones articulate anteriorly at the pubic symphysis

Question 3

What 3 elements is the hip bone made up of?

Answer 3

• Ilium
• Pubis
• Ischium
• These are intially connected with cartilage and they ossify together at arounf 18.
• Thiese connect to form tehe acetabulum (vinegar cup)

Question 4

What is the sacrospinous ligament?

Answer 4

Sacralum - ischial spine
- Creates the greater sciatic foramen

Question 5

What is the sacrotuberous ligament?

Answer 5

-Sacrum - ischial tuberosity = creates the lesser sciatic foramen

Question 6

What are the functions of the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligament?

Answer 6

• To stabilise the sacrum and sacroiliac joints

Question 7

Describe the pelvic floor

Answer 7

• Has the obturator internus and piriformis which contribute to the pelvic wall
• The levator anni and coccygeus (Ischiococcygeus) make up the pelvic floor
  – innervated by the anterior rami of the spinal nerves (S3-S4)
• The leavtor ani divided into:
• Puborectalis
• Pubococcygeus
• Illiococcygeus

Question 8

What is the perineum?

Answer 8

• Diamond-shaped area bounded by the pubic symphysis and ischipubiv rami, sacrotuberous ligaments and coccyx
• Bounded superiorly by the pelvic floor muscles and inferiorly by skin
• Imaginary line between the ischial tuberosities which creates two triangles known as the urogenital triangle and anal triangle

Question 9

What is the perineal membrane?

Answer 9

• Triangular fibrous membrane attached to the inferior pubic rami and ischia
• Covers the urogenital triangle
• attachment points for thhe roots of the eternal geniralia and associated muscle
• Has openings for the urethra and vagina
• Creates two spaces relative to it :
  – Deep perineal pouch
  – Superficial perineal pouch
  The perineal body connects the pelvic floor muscles with the perineal membrane - pelvic floor support

Question 10

What is the superficial perineal pouch?

Answer 10

• Pudendal nerve + branches (perineal nerve, dorsal nerve of clitoris/ penis)
• Erectile tissue : corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum (bulb)
• Muscle covering the erectile tissue : ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles
• Female:
• Labia majora and labia minora
• Crura of clitoris - corpora cavernosa
• Vestibular (clitoral) bulbs
• Greater vestibular (Bartholin’s) glands
  Male :
• Crura ( corpora cavernosa) and bulb of penis (corpus spingiosum)
• Urethra
• Testes (suspended from abdominal wall)
• Scrotum

Question 10

What is the deep perineal pouch?

Answer 10

• The space between the pelvic floor muscles and perineal membrane
• Female: urethra , vagina and sphincter musculature
• Male : contains the urethra, associated sphincter musculature and bulbourethral glands
• Deep transverse perineal muscles - help to support the perineal body

Question 11

What are the functions of the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles?

Answer 11

• Aids in emptying the penile urethra during urination and ejaculation

Question 12

What is the role of the bulbourethral gland and greater vestibular glands?

Answer 12

B - provides lubrication for male urethra
GVG - provides lunrication for female urethra

Question 13

’/