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Systems: The Respiratory System > Anatomy of the Respiratory System > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Respiratory System Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What bones do the thoracic wall comprise of, anterior, posterior and laterally ?

A

Anterior: The sternum
Posterior: T1-T12
Laterally: Ribs 1-12

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2
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae will articulate with the head of rib 7 ?

A

T6 and T7 (The vertebrae of the rib and the vertebrae above)

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3
Q

Which ribs are true ribs ?

A

1-7

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4
Q

Which ribs are false ribs ?

A

8-10

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5
Q

Which ribs are floating ribs ?

A

11 and 12

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6
Q

What runs in the costal groove ?

A

The neurovascular bundle

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7
Q

Between what muscles is the neurovascular bundle found ?

A

The innermost intercostals and the internal intercostals

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8
Q

What number of rib is an atypical true rib as it only articulates with one vertebrae ?

A

Rib 1 only articulates with T1

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9
Q

On the first rib there are two grooves what are these for ?

A

Subclavian artery and subclavian vein

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10
Q

What bones make up the ‘Thoracic inlet’ or superior thoracic aperture ?

A

First thoracic vertebrae (T1)

First pair of ribs & the costal cartilage of the first rib & the superior border of the manubrium

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11
Q

The head of the rib articulates with which part of the vertebrae ?

A

The body of the vertebrae

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12
Q

The tubercle of the rib articulates with what part of the vertebrae ?

A

The transverse process

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13
Q

What part of the rib articulates with the body of the vertebrae and what is this type of joint ?

A

The head of the rib

Costovertebral joint = synovial plane joint

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14
Q

Which part of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebrae and what is this type of joint ?

A

The tubercle

Costotransverse joint = Synovial plane joint

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15
Q

What is the inferior thoracic aperture bound by ?

A

The 12th thoracic vertebrae
The 11th and 12th ribs
The costal cartilage of ribs 7-12 and the xiphisternal joint

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16
Q

What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity ?

A

The diaphragm

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17
Q

Where does the lymph fluid of the left side of the chest drain to ?

A

The thoracic duct then into the left brachiocephalic then the left subclavian vein

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18
Q

Where does the lymph fluid of the right side of the chest drain to ?

A

The right lymphatic duct and then the right brachiocephalc and right subclavian

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19
Q

How many peripheral attachments does the diaphragm have and what are these attachments ?

A

Three

1: Lumbar vertebrae and arcuate ligaments
2: Costal cartilage of ribs 7-12
3: Xiphoid process of the sternum

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20
Q

What is the diaphragm’s central attachment ?

A

One central tendon

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21
Q

What are the names of the two tendons that arise from the vertebrae ?

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A

Left and Right crura

22
Q

What vertebrae does the right crura arise from ?

23
Q

What anatomical structure does the right crura surround and what is this purpose ?

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A

The esophagus, to stop gastric reflux

24
Q

What vertebrae does the left crura arise from ?

25
What happens to the diaphragm when it contracts ?
It flattens
26
What nerve roots provide the diaphragm and via what nerve ?
C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive via the input of the left and right phrenic nerves
27
Where does the sensory input for the diaphragm come from ?
T7-T12 intercostal nerves
28
How many openings does the diaphragm have on its inferior side ?
3
29
What is the name of the hiatus that allows passage for the inferior Vena Cava the right phrenic nerve ?
The caval opening can be found in the middle of the central tendon
30
What structures pass through the caval opening and where is this opening on the diaphragm ?
The inferior vena cava and the right phrenic nerve and it can be found in the middle of the central tendon
31
Where can the esophageal hiatus be found on the diaphragm ?
Through the muscular sling of the right crura
32
What other structure goes through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm ?
The vagus nerve
33
Where is the aortic hiatus located on the inferior aspect of the diaphragm ?
It can be found between the left and right crura
34
What other vascular and lymphatic structures run through the aortic hiatus ?
The azygous vein, the hemi-azygous and the thoracic duct
35
What vertebral levels can these three openings be found ?
The caval hiatus: T8 The esophageal hiatus: T10 The aortic hiatus: T12
36
What anatomical structures make up the upper respiratory tract ?
The nasal cavity The pharynx The larynx
37
What anatomical structures make up the lower respiratory tract ?
Trachea Primary Bronchi The lungs
38
How many lobes do the left and right lung have ?
left lung: 2 lobes | right lung: 3 lobes
39
At what vertebral level can the cricoid cartilage and the start of the trachea be found ?
C6
40
What is the name of the space the left lung creates ?
The cardiac notch
41
Where is the hilum found ?
On the mediastinal surface of the lung
42
What structures make up the lung root ?
The bronchi The pulmonary artery The pulmonary vein (Inferior and superior)
43
What additional structure can be found on the hila of the right lung ?
An additional brocnhi, an eparterial bronchi
44
What are the two pleura ?
Visceral pleura | Parietal pleura
45
Which pleural lining is pain insensitive ?
The visceral pleura
46
What nerves innervate the parietal pleura ?
Somatic nerves (intercostal nerves and phrenic nerve)
47
What nerves innervate the visceral pleura ?
Autonomic nerves (T2-T5)
48
What is a pleural reflection ?
Where the pleura changes direction
49
What is a pleural recess ?
The increased space between the two pleura found at the pleural reflection
50
The pleura hangs from the lungs, how many rib spaces difference is there between lung and pleura fro ribs 6-10 ?
Lung - Rib 6 Pleura - Rib 8 Lung - Rib 8 Pleura - Rib 10 Lung - Rib 10 Pleura -Rib 12 2 rib difference
51
At what rib can the transverse fissure of the right lung be found ?
4th Rib
52
At what vertebral level and rib can the oblique fissures of both lungs be found ?
T3 and 6th ribs

Systems: The Respiratory System (5 decks)

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