Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Question 1

Three Subsystems of Speech Production

Answer 1

Respiratory
Laryngeal/Phonatory
Articulatory/Resonance

Question 2

Thorax components

Answer 2

Vertebral Column
Rib Cage
Pectoral Girdle
Trachea
Sternum

Question 3

How Many Vertebra?

Answer 3

34

Question 4

Vertebra Components

Answer 4

Body
Vertebral Formaen
Spinous Process
Transverse Process

Question 5

Types of Vertebra

Answer 5

Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacral (5)
Coccygeal (5)

Question 6

How Many Ribs?

Answer 6

12

Question 7

Characteristics of Ribs (in terms of size)

Answer 7

middle ribs are larger than upper and lower

Question 8

Rib Components

Answer 8

Shaft
Neck and Head
Costal groove: blood vessels and nerves run
Costal angle: curvature of rib as it bends in two direction

Question 9

Vertebra and Rib articulations

Answer 9

Posterior Articulations:
Head of ribs and body of thoracic vertebrae

Neck of ribs and transverse process of thoracic vertebrae

Question 10

Sternum

Answer 10

Front support for the rib cage

articulates with R1-R10
R11-12 are floating ribs

Question 11

Parts of the Sternum

Answer 11

Manubrium (RI)

Corpus anterior point of articulation for most of ribs (R2-R6)

Xiphoid Process

Question 12

Joints of the Ribs and Sternum

Answer 12

Ribs join sternum by cartilage

1. Synchrondosis= RI & manubrium–ossifies with age
2. Synovial= R2-R10
   allow a variety of movements. (upward, downward, inward)
   movements= simultaneous with lateral movements of rib cage and vertebral column

Question 13

Pectoral Girdle Components

Answer 13

Clavicle: articulates with the manubrium of the sternum on both sides

Scapula: suspended in place by their articulations within the clavicles

Question 14

Pelvic Girdle

Answer 14

Provides structure and support

Question 15

Pulmonary Apparatus

Answer 15

Trachea
Tracheal cartilages
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
primary bronchi

Question 16

Trachea

Answer 16

Singular tube composed of 16-20 horseshoe-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage

rings are incomplete posteriorly and filled with fibrous tissue and smooth muscle fibers

rings extend from level C6 to T5

articulate superiorly with the cricoid cartilage (base of the larynx)

inferior terminal bifurcates forming main stem (primary bronchi)

Question 17

Bronchial Tree

Answer 17

tubes running to the 5 lobes of the lungs

Question 18

Components of Bronchial Tree

Answer 18

Segmental bronchi
Subsegmental bronchi
Terminal Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveolar ducts, sacs, alveoli

Question 19

Alveolar Ducts

Answer 19

air-filled structure

million of alveoli in bunches

surrounded by tiny blood capillaries

exchange gases

Question 20

Lungs

Answer 20

Pair of cone-shaped structure

porous and spongey

consists of elastic fibers

Question 21

Components of Lungs

Answer 21

Visceral Pleura: inner layer

Parietal Pleura: outer layer

Question 22

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 22

Pulmonary Apparatus is housed within the chest wall

rib cage
sternum
pectoral girdle
vertebral column
diaphragm

Question 23

Intercostal Muscles

Answer 23

11 pairs of both external and internal intercostals (21 total)

oriented obliquely and cross each other

externals=superficial, not found at sternum end of ribs

internals= deep, not found at the vertebrate end of ribs

Question 24

External Intercostals

Answer 24

stronger than internal

play a large role in expanding the rib cage, elevating them

origin is the rib immediately above, insertion is the rib below

contraction causes the rib where the insertion is made to elevate

Question 25

Internal Intercostals

Answer 25

Originates from the rib below (upper ridge) and inserts into the rib above assists in lower the ribs along the lateral and posterior walls, play a large role in forced expiration adds rigidity during respiration

Question 26

Diaphragm

Answer 26

single muscle that separates the thorax from the abdomen one of the largest muscles in our body bi-domed shape muscle fibers insert into the central tendon

Question 27

Diaphram Points of Origin

Answer 27

1. Sternal portion attaches to the posterior surface of the xiphoid process 2. costal portion that anchors onto the lowermost six ribs 3. lumbar portion that attaches to L1 through L3

Question 28

What connects the diaphragm to the lungs

Answer 28

Parietal pleura

Question 29

Diaphram & inhalation/exhalation

Answer 29

inhalation: the diaphragm contracts, move down exhalation: the diaphragm relaxes. moves up

Question 30

Muscle of the Rib Cage

Answer 30

Sternocleidomatoid: front and side of the neck originates at the top/front of the sternum and sternum end of the clavicle course superiorly and posteriorly to terminate at mastoid process of temporal bone elevates sternum and clavicle

Question 31

Muscles Associated with the Ventral Thorax

Answer 31

1. Pectoralis Major 2. Pectoralis Minor 3. Subclavius 4. Serratus Anterior

Question 32

Pectoralis major and minor

Answer 32

Pectoralis Major: fan shaped, attached to clavicle, sternum, humerus -elevates sternum and anterior part of ribs Pectoralis minor: deep into pectorals major - runs from anterior aspect of R2 to R5 to the scapula - elevates R2-R5

Question 33

Subclavius

Answer 33

courses below and parallel to the clavicle runs from the rib to the clavicle elevates first rib

Question 34

Serratus anterior

Answer 34

sawtooth shaped runs from the ribs to the scapula and other surfaces of the ribs elevates R1-R8

Question 35

Muscles associated with the dorsal thorax

Answer 35

1. Lateral iliocostalis cervicis= originates on R3-R6 and inserts into C4-C6; elevates the ribs 2. Lateral iliocostalis thoracis= originates R7-R12 and inserts into lower edges of R1-R6. These muscles work together to elevate the ribs 3. Latissiumus Dorsi= wider medially than laterally, originates at upper thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae and inserts into upper humorous; elevates R9-R12 4. Serratus posterior Inferior= depresses ribs 9-12 5. Serratus posterior superior= originates from C7-T3 and inserts lateral to the angle of R2-R5; elevates R2-R5

Question 36

Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

Answer 36

1. External Oblique 2. Internal Oblique 3. Rectus Abdominus 4. Transverse Abdominus

Question 37

External Oblique

Answer 37

longest and strongest muscle originates on posterior surfaces of the lower 8 ribs and inserts at the anterior aspect of the pelvic bone fibers run in a diagonal direction pulls the lower ribs downward and compresses the abdomen

Question 38

Internal Obliques

Answer 38

runs deep into external oblique course in the diagonal direction opposite external oblique ordinates form the anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest and inserts into R10-R12 pulls downward on the lower ribs and compresses abdomen walls

Question 39

Rectus Abdominus

Answer 39

fibers course verticaly from lower abdomen to diploid process and from R5-R7 compresses the anterior abdominal wall

Question 40

Transverse Abdominus

Answer 40

runs horizontally from the inner surfaces of R6-R12 compresses the anterior and lateral walls of the abdomen

Question 41

Secondary Muscles of Expiration

Answer 41

Muscles of the rib cage wall that serve to depress the ribs 1. Serratus posterior inferior 2. Subcostals 3. Transversus thoracis

Question 42

Four Cranial Nerves

Answer 42

1. Glossopharyngeal (CN 9) 2. Vagus (CN 10) 3. Hypoglossal (CN 12) 4. Accessory (CN 11)