Anatomy of the Shoulder and Shoulder Girdle

Question 1

name the 3 bones relevant to the shoulder and shoulder girdle?

Answer 1

humerus
scapula
clavicle

Question 2

what bony points are relevant to the scapula?

Answer 2

acromion process
coracoid process
inferior angle
superior angle
lateral border
medial border
spine

Question 3

what bony points are relevant to the humerus?

Answer 3

greater tubercle
lesser tubercle
bicipital groove

Question 4

describe the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 4

medial aspect of clavicle + clavicle notch of sternum

elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, axial rotation

ball and socket in form but not function, sleeve like capsule

ligaments are; Anterior sternoclavicular ligament, posterior sternoclavicular ligament, interclavicular ligament, costoclavicular ligament

Question 5

describe the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 5

lateral aspect of clav + facet on anteromedial border of acromion (scap)

3 axes, no muscle attachment so all passive

loose but strong capsule

ligament; coracoclavicular ligament

Question 6

describe the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 6

head of humerus + glenoid fossa (scap)

ball and socket (shallow=unstable)

capsule= loose sleeve

ligaments; coracohumeral ligament, coracoacromial ligament, superior glenohumeral ligament, middle glenohumeral ligament, inferior glenohumeral ligament, transverse glenohumeral ligament

Question 7

name the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 7

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

Question 8

what is the primary function of rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 8

hold the humeral head in place as the joint is shallow (as ligaments do)

prevent sliding/grinding when shoulder joint is moving

Question 9

what 2 muscles abduct the arm at the shoulder joint?

Answer 9

supraspinatus 
deltoid (lateral)

Question 10

what 4 muscles adduct the arm at the shoulder joint?

Answer 10

coracobrachialis
pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi
teres major

Question 11

what 4 muscles flex the arm at the shoulder joint?

Answer 11

pectoralis major
deltoid (anterior)
coracobrachialis
biceps brachii (long head)

Question 12

what 5 muscles extend the arm at the shoulder joint?

Answer 12

latissimus dorsi
teres major
pectoralis major
deltoid (posterior)
triceps brachii

Question 13

what 5 muscles medially rotate the arm at the shoulder joint?

Answer 13

subscapularis
teres major
latissimus dorsi
pectoralis major
deltoid (anterior)

Question 14

what 3 muscles laterally rotate the arm at the shoulder joint?

Answer 14

teres minor
infraspinatus
deltoid (posterior)

Question 15

what 2 muscles protract the shoulder gridle?

Answer 15

serratus anterior

pectoralis minor

Question 16

what 3 muscles retract the shoulder girdle?

Answer 16

rhomboid minor
rhomboid major
trapezius

Question 17

what 2 muscles elevate the shoulder girdle?

Answer 17

trapezius

levator scapulae

Question 18

what 2 muscles depress the shoulder girdle?

Answer 18

trapezius

pectoralis minor

Question 19

what 2 muscles upward rotate the shoulder girdle?

Answer 19

trapezius

serratus anterior

Question 20

what 4 muscles downward rotate the shoulder girdle?

Answer 20

rhomboid major
rhomboid minor
pectoralis minor
levator scapulae

Question 21

biceps brachii (long head)?

Answer 21

origin= bicipital groove between humerus
tubercles

insertion= heads converge to insert at radial process

assists flexion of shoulder joint

Question 22

coracobrachialis?

Answer 22

origin= coracoid process of scapula

Insertion= middle 1/3 medial humerus (deep to SH BB)

Adducts and flexes shoulder joint

Question 23

Deltoid (anterior)?

Answer 23

Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus (common tendon)

Flexes/medially rotates shoulder joint

Question 24

Deltoid (lateral)?

Answer 24

Origin: acromion of scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus (common tendon)

Abducts shoulder joint

Question 25

Deltoid (posterior)?

Answer 25

Origin: spine of scapula Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus (common tendon) Extends/laterally rotates shoulder joint

Question 26

Infraspinatus?

Answer 26

Origin: infraspinatus fossa of scapula Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus (deep to deltoid) Laterally rotates shoulder joint

Question 27

Latissimus dorsi?

Answer 27

Origin: spinous processes t7-t12,l1-l5+ lateral of 9-12 ribs/posterior iliac crest Insertion: intertubercular suclus of humerus Adduction/medial rotation/extension of shoulder joint

Question 28

Levator scapulae?

Answer 28

Origin: transverse processes c1-c2/ posterior transverse processes c3-c4 Insertion: superior angle of scapula Elevation/downwards rotation of shoulder girdle

Question 29

Pectoralis major?

Answer 29

Origin: anterior of medial half clavicle/manubrium/sternum body/superior 6 costal cartilages/aponeurosis external ab oblique Insertion: crest of greater humerus tubercle Adduction/medial rotation shoulder joint Depression of shoulder girdle

Question 30

Pectoralis minor?

Answer 30

Origin: anterior 3rd-5th ribs Insertion: coracoid process of scapula Protraction/downwards rotation

Question 31

Rhomboid minor?

Answer 31

Origin: nuchal ligament/spinous processes c7-t1 Insertion: medial border scapula (adjacent to spine) Retraction/downwards rotation

Question 32

Rhomboid major?

Answer 32

Origin: spinous processes t2-t5 Insertion: medial border scapula (inferior to spine) Retraction/downwards rotation

Question 33

Serratus anterior?

Answer 33

Origin: anterior surfaces 1st-9th ribs Insertion: medial border scapula Protraction/upwards rotation shoulder girdle

Question 34

Subscapularis?

Answer 34

Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula (anterior side) Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus Medial rotation

Question 35

Supraspinatus?

Answer 35

Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula (superior to scapula spine) Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus Abduction of shoulder joint

Question 36

Teres minor?

Answer 36

Origin: posterior aspect of superior half of lateral border of scapula Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus Lateral rotation/transverse abduction of shoulder joint

Question 37

Teres major?

Answer 37

Origin: posterior aspect of inferior angle of scapula Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus Abduction/medial rotation of shoulder joint

Question 38

Triceps brachii (long head)?

Answer 38

Origin: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Insertion: olecranon of ulna Extends shoulder joint

Question 39

Trapezius?

Answer 39

3 parts- descending, transverse, ascending Origin: Descending= spinous process c7/ nuchal line of occipital bone Transverse= spinous processes c7-t4 Ascending= spinous processes t5-t12 Insertion: Descending= posterior aspect lateral 1/3 clavicle/acromion of scapula Transverse= acromion/medial half scapula spine Ascending= medial half of scapula spine Retraction (D,T,A)/ elevation (D), depression (A), upwards rotation (D, A)