Anatomy Of The Upper GI Flashcards
(44 cards)
What are the components of the GI tract?
- oral cavity
- pharynx
- oesophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- most of the large intestine
- most of the accessory organs of GI
- rectum
- anal canal
- anus
What is used o view inside the GI tract?
Endoscopy
What joint does the jaw open at?
The temporomandibular joints
What pairs of muscles are responsible for closing of the mouth/jaw?
- masseter
- temporalis
- medial pterygoid
Where does the Medial Pterygoid muscle attach?
connects the mandible with maxilla, sphenoid and palatine bones
Where does the Masseter muscle attach?
Attaches from the zygomatic bone (cheekbone) and is inserted at the rear of the mandible
Where does the Temporalis muscle attach?
attaches to the coronoid process and the ramus of the mandible.
What muscle is responsible for the opening of the jaw/mouth?
Lateral Pterygoid
All muscles involving opening and closing of the mouth are supplied by what cranial nerve?
Supplied by the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve - CNV3
What course does the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CNV3) take?
From pons -> through foramen ovale -> spreads out to muscles of mastification and sensory area
The mandibular division of trigeminal nerve CNV3 is motor fibres
True or false
False
The mandibular division of trigeminal nerve CNV3 are motor AND sensory fibres
What structures does the oral cavity consist of?
- nasal cavity
- hard palate
- Dens of C2 (a superior projecting bony element from the second cervical vertebrae)
- oral cavity (begins just after the teeth)
- teeth
- tongue
- pharynx
- mandible
- hyoid bone
- epiglottis
- muscle of the floor of the mouth
What is the average adult dentition?
- 32 teeth
- all erupted by ages 18-25
- 4 quadrants: upper right and left, lower left and right
- the very back of all mouths are wisdom teeth (some peoples might not come out)
What are the 3 salivary glands?
- parotid
- submandibular
- sublingual
Where does the parotid duct enter the mouth?
Opposite the upper second molar
The posterior wall of the oropharynx is extremely sensitive to touch. This is part of the superior half of the oral cavity, what else os part of the superior half of the oral cavity?
- gingiva or oral cavity and palate
The posterior wall of the oropharynx is extremely sensitive to touch. This is part of the superior half of the oral cavity, what cranial nerve supplies the sensation here and what type of sensation?
- this is general sensation form CN V2
What is the gingiva?
The tissue of the upper and lower jaws that surrounds the base of the teeth
What does the inferior part of the oral cavity consist of?
- the gingiva of the oral cavity and floor of mouth
What cranial nerve supplies sensation of the inferior half of the mouth? What type of sensation is this?
- general sensation from CN V3
Gag reflex:
What is its function and how does it do this?
What CN is the sensory part of the reflex?
What CN is the motor part of the reflex?
- It is a protective reflex that constricts the pharynx as the patient tempts to close it off
- sensory part: nerve fibres from CN IX
- motor part: nerve fibres form CN IX and CN X
What course does the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2) take?
From pons -> through foramen rotundum -> to sensory area (mid-face)
What type of fibres is the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2)?
Sensory fibres
What course does the CN IX nerve take for the face?
- from medulla
- through jugular Formen
- to posterior wall of oropharynx (sensory), parotid gland (secretomotor) and posterior 1/3rd toungue (sensation and taste)
