Anatomy Of The Upper Respiraatory System

Question 1

Why do we have a nose?

Answer 1

Adjust temperature and humidity of inspired air
Trap and remove particles
Olfaction

Question 2

Where does the nasal cavity extend from/to?

Answer 2

From anterior apertures (nares,nostrils) to posterior apertures (choanae)

Question 3

What is the nasal cavity separated from the oral cavity below by?

Answer 3

Hard palate

Question 4

What is thee nasal cavity separated from the cranial cavity above by?

Answer 4

Frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones

Question 5

What is the nasal cavity divided in the midline by?

Answer 5

Nasal septum

Question 6

What are the 3 regions the nasal cavity is divided into?

Answer 6

Olfactory
Respiratory
Nasal vestibule

Question 7

What is the olfactory region of the nasal cavity?

Answer 7

Small area at the apex of the nasal cavity

Question 8

What is the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

Largest part of the nasal cavity
Has a rich neurovascular blood supply
Lined by respiratory epithelium composed mainly of ciliated and mucosal cells?

Question 9

What is the respiratory epithelium of the nasal cavity lined by?

Answer 9

Ciliates and mucous cells

Question 10

Where is the nasal vestibule?

Answer 10

Just internal to the naris

Question 11

What is the nasal vestibule lined by?

Answer 11

Skin and covered in short hair follicles

Question 12

What are the curved shelves of bone projecting off the lateral wall of the nasal cavity called?

Answer 12

Conchae

Question 13

What is the purpose of the conchae dividing each cavity into 4 air channels?

Answer 13

Increases contact surface area with inspired air

Question 14

Which concha are projecting off the ethmoid bone?

Answer 14

Superior and middle concha

Question 15

Which concha is an independent bone?

Answer 15

Inferior concha

Question 16

What are meatuses?

Answer 16

Spaces below each concha

Question 17

Where is the superior nasal meatus?

Answer 17

Between superior and middle concha

Question 18

Where is the middle nasal meatus?

Answer 18

Between middle and inferior concha

Question 19

Where is the inferior nasal meatus?

Answer 19

Between inferior concha and nasal floor

Question 20

What is the sphenoid-ethmoidal recess?

Answer 20

Small area above the superior concha

Question 21

How many paranasal sinuses do we have?

Answer 21

4

Question 22

What are paranasal sinuses lined by?

Answer 22

Respiratory mucosa (ciliated and mucus secreting)

Question 23

What do paranasal sinuses do?

Answer 23

Open into nasal cavities to allow drainage of mucus
Lightening to the skull
Resonance
Absorbing shock

Question 24

What are the 4 paranasal sinuses?

Answer 24

Frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal and maxillary

Question 25

How do paranasal sinuses drain?

Answer 25

Mucus produced by mucous membrane moved by ciliary action and by siphon action created during blowing of your nose

Question 26

What is kiesselbachs area?

Answer 26

Area where arteries anastomose on septum | Common Steve of epitaxis

Question 27

What is the blood supply to the nose?

Answer 27

Superior nose - anterior and posterior ethmoidal (branches of ophthalmic) Middle posterior - sphenopalatine (septal branches) Lateral nasal branches from facial

Question 28

What is cranial nerve 1?

Answer 28

Olfactory

Question 29

What nerve is in the upper part of the nasal cavity?

Answer 29

Olfactory nerve

Question 30

What are the layers of the olfactory bulb?

Answer 30

Nerve fibres of olfactory tract Mitral cell layer Synaptic glomeruli Olfactory nerve fibres

Question 31

What is anosmia?

Answer 31

No sense of smell

Question 32

What are the 3 sections of the pharynx?

Answer 32

Naso,oro and laryngopharynx

Question 33

Where is the pharynx located?

Answer 33

Posterior, leads into oesophagus

Question 34

What are the muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 34

Superior constrictor Middle constrictor Inferior constrictor

Question 35

What runs down the middle of the muscles of the pharynx?

Answer 35

Pharyngeal raphe

Question 36

Where is the pharyngeal opening of thee pharyngeal opening of the pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube?

Answer 36

Nasopharynx

Question 37

What does the Eustachian tube?

Answer 37

Maintain normal pressure in the middle ear

Question 38

What are tonsils?

Answer 38

Collections of lymphoid tissue in mucosa of pharynx Surround openings of the nasal and oral cavities Part of the bodies defence system

Question 39

What are the pairs of tonsils we have?

Answer 39

Pharyngeal Palatine Lingual

Question 40

What is the larynx?

Answer 40

Musculoligamentous structure with a cartilaginous framework that caps the lower respirator tract

Question 41

What is the larynx continuous below with?

Answer 41

The trachea

Question 42

What does the pharynx open into?

Answer 42

Pharynx posterior | Inferior to tongue

Question 43

What does the larynx function as?

Answer 43

A valve to close the lower respiratory tract and an instrument to produce sound

Question 44

What are the 3 large unpaired cartilages in the larynx?

Answer 44

Epiglottis Thyroid Cricoid

Question 45

What are the 3 smaller cartilages of the larynx?

Answer 45

Cuneiform Corniculate Arytenoid

Question 46

What is the larynx suspended by?

Answer 46

Hyoid bone and is highly mobile

Question 47

What is the cricothyroid cartilage?

Answer 47

Internal ligament of the larynx

Question 48

Where is the upper margin of cricothyroid cartilage?

Answer 48

Upper margin is free between thyroid cartilage and arytenoid cartilage

Question 49

Where is the vocal ligament?

Answer 49

Lies under the true vocal cord | Thickens in midline to form medium cricothyroid ligament

Question 50

What is the superior laryngeal nerve a branch of?

Answer 50

Vagus nerve

Question 51

What are the cricothyroid muscles innervated by?

Answer 51

Superior laryngeal nerve

Question 52

What are other intrinsic laryngeal muscles innervated by?

Answer 52

Recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 53

What are the 2 branches of the superior laryngeal nerve?

Answer 53

Internal (sensory) and external (motor)

Question 54

What does the internal laryngeal nerve supply?

Answer 54

Sensory fibres to the laryngeal mucosa

Question 55

What does the external laryngeal nerve innervate?

Answer 55

Cricothyroid muscle

Question 56

Where does the superior laryngeal nerve descend?

Answer 56

By the side of the pharynx, behind the internal carotid artery and divides into 2 branches - external and internal

Question 57

What is the function of the external laryngeal nerve?

Answer 57

Functions to tense the vocal cords by activating the cricothyroid muscle, increasing pitch

Question 58

What level is the larynx found at?

Answer 58

C3-C6

Question 59

What is the blood supply to the larynx?

Answer 59

Superior and inferior laryngeal Superior and inferior thyroid External carotid Thyrocervical trunk of subclavian

Question 60

Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hook?

Answer 60

Underneath the right subclavian artery, then ascends towards the larynx

Question 61

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve hook?

Answer 61

Under the arch of the aorta