Anatomy Of Thigh And Stifle Flashcards
What comprises the stifle
-femoro-tibial joint
-femoro-patellar joint
-proximal tibio-fibular joint
ARE ALL CONNECTED WITHIN A SINGLE CAPSULE
What is a sesemoid bone and what is an example?
Bone that grows inside the tendon
Patella is biggest sesemoid in body
What makes the stifle special in dogs?
HAS AN EXTRA SESEMOID BONE
Stifle also includes femoro-fabellar joint
Fabellae - seasmoid bone in proximal heads of gastrocnemius
Connection between tibia and sesamoid bone in the popliteus muscle
What do the medial meniscus and the lateral meniscus do in the stifle?
Are fibrocartilage discs (excess fibers that allow it to better deal with compression and tension) and are semilunar shapes
Function: stabilize the movement of the round femoral condyles on the flat tibial condyles
What ligaments support the stifle and how do they do that?
Patellar ligament - cranially
Medial collateral - medially (femur to tibia)
Lateral collateral - laterally (femur to fibula)
Caudal cruciate - prevents caudal slip of tibia
Cranial cruciate - prevents cranial slip of tibia
Meniscofemoral ligament - one of several ligaments stabilizing the menisci
What happens as the stifle is flexed
-lateral collateral ligament loosens
-allowing internal rotation of the tibia on the femur
-the cruciate ligaments twist on each other to limit this rotation —> woven together —> stronger support
What happens as the stifle is extended
-lateral collateral ligament tightens
-tibia rotates externally
-the cruciate ligaments untwist and thus have no effect on limiting external rotation
What causes a cruciate ligament tear? Which is more common
Cranial cruciate tear is more common
Usually as a result of a sudden rotation of the flexed stifle (slipping, being hit, making a turn, etc)
What are the muscles in the medial compartment of the stifle
1) sartorius - femoral nerve
-cranial part —> extends stifle
-caudal part —> flexes stifle
2) gracilis - flex stifle
3) adductor
4) pectineus
What is the artery, nerve, and main actions of the medial compartment of the stifle
A: obturator
N: femoral/obturator
MA: flex stifle
What muscles make up the lateral compartment of the stifle
1) biceps femoris - extend stifle
-caudal part flexes the stifle
2) semitendinosus - flex stifle
3) semimembranosus
-attachment to femur extends stifle
-attachment to tibia flexes or extends stifle, depending on the position of the limb
what is the artery, nerve and main action of the lateral compartment of the stifle
A: deep femoral a
N: sciatic nerve
MA: flex or extend stifle
What muscles make up the cranial part of the stifle
2) quadriceps femoris - extend stifle
-rectus femoris
-vastus medialis
-vastus lateralis
-vastus intermedius
2) iliopsoas - flex hip
What is the artery, nerve, and main action of the cranial part of the stifle
A: femoral
N: femoral
MA: extend stifle
What is the equine specialization of the stifle
Enables the horse to lock the stifle when the hindlimb is extended which saves energy
