Anatomy of Upper Limbs and Neck Flashcards by Jesse Tom

Origin: spinous processes of C7-T3

Insertion: ribs 2-5

Action: assists with inhalation

Serratus Posterior Superior

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Origin: Spinous processes of C7-T3

Insertion: mastoid process

Action: Acting unilaterally, produce ipsilateral flexion and slight rotation of head; extend head when acting bilaterally

Splenius Capitis

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Origin: Spinous processes of T3-T6

Insertion: Transverse processes of C1-C3/4

Action: Acting unilaterally, produce ipsilateral flexion and slight rotation of head; extend head when acting bilaterally

Splenius Cervicis

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Origin: Transverse processes of C4-T5

Insertion: Between superior & inferior nuchal line of occiput

Action: Extends vertebral column and head

Semispinalis Capitis

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Origin: common tendon (thorcolumbar fascia) that attaches to the posterior surface of the sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of the lumbar and last 2 thoracic vertebrae

Insertion: Various attachments at posterior ribs, spinous and transverse processes of thoracic and cervical vert, and mastoid process.

A: Laterally flex vertebral column to same side (unilaterally); extends vertebral column (bilaterally)

Erector Spinae group

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Subscapularis, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus fossa attachments; Superior and Inferior angles; Lateral and Medial borders; Glenoid Cavity; Supraglenoid and Infraglenoid tubercles

Scapula

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Boney prominence that lays inferior to the anterior scapular curvature

Coracoid Process

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Boney prominence that lays inferior to the lateral end of the clavicular curvature

Coracoid Process

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Acromial (lateral) end, Sternal (medial) end

Clavicle

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Bone: greater tubercle, lesser tubercle, attachment to the glenoid fossa, deltoid tuberosity

Humerus

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Action: extend head & neck(bilaterally); laterally flex head and neck to same side; rotate head and neck

Origin: External protuberance, medial one third portion of superior nuchal line of occiput, spinous process of C7, ligamentum nuchae

Insertion: Posterior border of lateral third of clavicle

Trapezius (Upper Fibers)

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Action: adduct, stabilize scapula

Origin: spinous process of the C7-T3

Insertion: the acromion

Trapezius (Middle Fibers)

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Action: depress scapula; downwardly rotate scapula

Origin: spinous process of the T4–T12

Insertion: spine of scapula

Trapezius (Lower Fibers)

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Action: extend, adduct and medially rotate shoulder

Origin: inferior angle of scapula, spinous processes of last 6 thoracic vert, last 3-4 ribs, thoracolumbar fascia and posterior iliac crest

Insertion: intertubercle groove of humerus

Latissimus Dorsi

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Action: extend, adduct and medially rotate shoulder

Origin: inferior angle & lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula

Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus

Teres Major

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Action: extend elbow (all heads), extend and adduct shoulder (long head)

Origin: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head), posterior surface of proximal half of humerus (lat. head), posterior surface of distal half of humerus (medial head)

Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna

Triceps Brachii

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Action: flex, adduct shoulder

Origin: coracoid process of scapula

Insertion: medial surface of mid-humeral shaft

Coracobrachialis

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Main Ligaments of the Shoulder

Coraco-clavicular ligament
Acromio-clavicular ligament
Coraco-acromial ligament
Coraco-humeral ligament
Gleno-humeral joint

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Action: abduct shoulder (all fibers); flex, medially rotate, horizontally adduct shoulder (anterior fibers); extend, laterally rotate, horizontally abduct shoulder

Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity

Deltoid

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Action: laterally rotate, adduct shoulder; stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity

Origin: infraspinatus fossa of scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Infraspinatus

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Action: flex both elbow and shoulder; spinate forearm

Origin: coracoid process of scapula (short head); supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head)

Insertion: radial tuberosity

Biceps brachii

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Action: Laterally rotate, adduct shoulder; stabilize humerus in glenoid cavity

Origin: upper 2/3rds of lateral border of scapula

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Teres Minor

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Action: Adduct, elevate and downwardly rotate scapula

Origin: spinous process of T2-T5

Insertion: Medial border of scapula between the spine of scapula and inferior angle

Rhomboid Major

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Action: adduct, elevate and downwardly rotate scapula

Origin: Spinous process of C7-T1

Insertion: upper portion of medial border of scapula, across from spine of scapula

Rhomboid Minor

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Action: Unilaterally - elevate, downwardly rotate scapula; lat. flex head and neck; rotate head and neck to same side Bilaterally - extend head and neck Origin: transverse process of C1-C4 Insertion: medial border of scapula, between superior angle and superior portion of spine of scapula

Levator Scapula

Action: abduct, upwardly rotate, depress scapula; hold the medial border of scapula against rib cage Origin: external surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs Insertion: anterior surface of medial border of scapula

Serratus Anterior

Action: abduct shoulder; stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity Origin: supraspinatus fossa of scapula Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Supraspinatus

Action: adduct, medially rotate shoulder (all fibers); assist to elevate thorax during forced inhalation (all); flex & horizontally adduct shoulder (upper fibers); extend shoulder (lower fibers) Origin: medial half of clavicle, sternum and cartilage of 1st through 6th ribs Insertion: crest of greater tubercle of humerus

Pectoralis Major

Action: depress, abduct, downwardly rotate scapula; assist to elevate thorax during forced inhalation Origin: 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs Insertion: medial surface of coracoid process of scapula

Pectoralis Minor

Action: Unilaterally - laterally flex head & neck to same side; rotate head & neck to opposite side Bilaterally - elevate ribs during inhalation; flex head & neck (anterior only) Origin: Transverse processes of C3-C7 (anterior), C2-C7 (middle), C6-C7 (posterior) Insertion: first rib (anterior and middle), second rib (posterior)

Scalenes

Action: laterally flex head & neck to same side, rotate head & neck to opposite side (unilaterally); flex neck (bilaterally) Origin: sternal head - top of manubrium clavicular head - medial 1/3 of clavicle Insertion: mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Bones of the wrist

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium

Action: abduct, extend thumb; abduct wrist Origin: posterior surface of radius and ulna; interosseous membrane Insertion: base of 1st MC

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Action: extend thumb (IP joint); extend thumb (MCP & CMC Jt ) Origin: posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Action: abduct thumb Origin: flexor retinaculum, trapezium and scaphoid tubercles Insertion: bones of proximal phalanx of thumb

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Action: adduct thumb Origin: capitate, 2nd and 3rd MC Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Adductor Pollicis

Action: extend 2nd through 5th fingers at IP joints; flex 2nd through 5th fingers at MCP joints Origin: tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus Insertion: extensor aponeurosis on dorsal surfaces of phalanges

Lumbricals of the Hand

Action: adduct thumb, 2nd, 4th and 5th fingers toward 3rd finger Origin: base of 1st 2nd, 4th and 5th MCs Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of the related finger and the extensor aponeurosis

Palmar Interossei

Action: abduct 2nd, 3rd and 4th fingers at MC joints Origin: adjacent sides of all MCs Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of 2nd-4th fingers and the extensor aponeurosis

Dorsal Interossei

Action: abduct 5th finger (MCP joint); assist in opposition of 5th finger toward thumb Origin: pisiform & tendon of FCU Insertion: base of proximal phalanx of 5th finger, ulnar surface

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Boney Landmarks of the Forearm: Ulna

Olecranon process, shaft, styloid process and head

Boney Landmarks of the Forearm: Radius

Head, shaft, styloid process

Action: flex elbow Origin: distal half of anterior surface of humerus Insertion: tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna

Brachialis

Action: flex elbow Origin: distal half of anterior surface of humerus Insertion: tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna

Brachialis

Action: flex elbow; assist in pronating and supinating forearm Origin: proximal 2/3rds of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertion: styloid process of radius

Brachioradialis

Action: extend, abduct wrist; assist to flex elbow Origin: distal 1/3rd of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Insertion: base of 2nd MC

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Action: extend, abduct wrist; assist to flex elbow Origin: common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: base of 3rd MC

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Action: extend, abduct wrist Origin: common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: base of 5th MC

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Action: extend 2nd through 5th fingers; assist to extend wrist Origin: common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: base of middle and distal phalanges of 2nd through 5th fingers

Extensor Digitorum

Action: flex, abduct wrist; flex elbow (assist) Origin: common flex tendon from medial epicondyle Insertion: base of 2nd & 3rd MCs

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Action: tense the palmar fascia, flex wrist, flex elbow (assist) Origin: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

Palmaris Longus

Action: flex 2nd through 5th fingers; flex wrist Origin: common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process of ulna, interosseous membrane and proximal shaft of radius Insertion: sides of middle phalanges of 2nd through 5th fingers

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Action: flex wrist; flex elbow (assist) Origin: medial epicondyle, posterior surface of the proximal ulna Insertion: pisiform, hook of hamate and base of 5th MC

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Action: flex 2nd through 5th fingers Origin: anterior & medial surfaces of proximal three quarters of ulna Insertion: bases of distal phalanges, palmar surface of 2nd - 5th fingers

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Action: pronate forearm; flex elbow (assist) Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna Insertion: middle of lateral surface of radius

Pronator Teres

Action: pronate forearm Origin: medial anterior surface of distal ulna Insertion: lateral anterior surface of distal radius

Pronator Quadratus

Action: supinate forearm Origin: lateral epicondyle, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament, and supinator crest of ulna Insertion: anterior lateral of proximal 1/3rd of radial shaft

Supinator

C4, C5, C6, C7 dermatomes

Clavicle, Lateral Deltoid, Thumb, Middle Finger

C8 and T1 dermatomes

Pinky and Medial side of forearm to base of pinky

C1, C2, C3, C4 Myotomes

Neck flexion, neck extension, neck side flexion, shoulder elevation

C5 C6, C7, C8, T1 Myotomes

Shoulder abduction, elbow flexion, elbow extension, finger flexion, finger abduction/adduction

Maitland's Mobilization Grading Technique | Grade I

Small amplitude movement at beginning of the available range

Maitland's Mobilization Grading Technique | Grade II

Large amplitude movement at within middle (just past) of available range

Maitland's Mobilization Grading Technique | Grade III

Large amplitude movement that moves within/into stiffness or resistance

Maitland's Mobilization Grading Technique | Grade IV

Small amplitude movement stretching into / /slightly past stiffness or resistance

Oxford Muscle Strength Scale (0-2/5)

0/5 - no contraction 1/5 - visible/palpable muscle contraction; no movement 2/5 - movement with gravity eliminated

Oxford Muscle Strength Scale (3-5/5)

3/5 - Movement against gravity only 4/5 - Movement with some resistance 5/5 - Movement with full resistence

Time Frame of Stages of Healing (Bleeding)

First 0-6 hours

Time Frame of Stages of Healing (Inflammation)

Occurs 1-2 hours after injury ... peaks at 1-3 days ... can last for a couple weeks

Time Frame of Stages of Healing (Proliferation)

Starts within 24-48 hours ... peaks at around 2-3 weeks ... can last up to 4-6 months

Time Frame of Stages of Healing (Remodeling)

Usually starts around 2-3 weeks after injury and could take as long as a few months or years depending on severity

5 D's

``` Dizziness (light headedness, vertigo) Diplopia (visual problems) Drop Attacks (sudden weakness in face or limbs) Dysarthria (speech disorder) Dysphagia (swallowing problems) ```

3 N's

Nausea (possibly with vomiting) Numbness Nystagmus (spontaneous, involuntary rhythmic side to side, up and down or circular movement of the eyes)

Red Flags

``` Severe Pain, Worsening or Constant pain, Night pain - disturbed sleep, Significant unexplained weight loss, Pins and Needles, Trauma, Severe injury, Numbness in arms or legs ```

Yellow Flags

Pessimistic Attitude toward pain and recovery Excessive fear of movement and activity Previous experiences Work-related issues Emotional problems (depression, anxiety) Generalized pain (headache, fatigue, dizziness) Desire for passive treatments; little desire to be proactive Overprotective Family Social withdrawal, lack of support

Anatomy of Upper Limbs and Neck Flashcards

(75 cards)