anatomy of vessels and mediastinum

Question 1

identify subdivisons of the mediastinum A - E

Answer 1

A - superior mediastinum

B - inferior mediastinum

C - anterior mediastinum

D - middle mediastinum

E - posterior mediastinum

Question 2

what structures are found in the superior mediastinum?

Answer 2

Aortic arch and branches

Superior vena cava and tributaries

Oesophagus and trachea

Phrenic and vagus nerves

Cardiac plexus and sympathetic chain

Thymus (regresses in adults)

Thoracic duct – transports lymph around body

Question 3

what level is the superior mediastinum found at?

Answer 3

above T4/T5 level and the sternal angle (rib 2)

Question 4

name the 3 sections the inferior mediastinum is divided into

Answer 4

anterior

middle

posterior

Question 5

what structures are found in the anterior mediastinum?

Answer 5

thymus (regresses in adults)

Question 6

what structures are found in the middle mediastinum?

Answer 6

ascending aorta

superior vena cava

pulmonary trunk

heart, pericardium, bronchi and trachea

phrenic and vagus nerves

cardiac plexus

tracheobronchial lymph nodes

Question 7

what structures are found in the posterior mediastinum?

Answer 7

descending (thoracic) aorta

oesophagus

thoracic duct (lymph)

azygos, hemiazygos, accessory hemiazygos veins (venous system - drain into SVC)

bronchial, oesophageal, superior pherenic arteries

sympathetic trunks (nerves)

Question 8

what is the mediastinum?

Answer 8

the mass of tissue in the thorax between the lungs and pleura

Question 9

identify the structures in the thorax

Answer 9

Question 10

name the 3 branches of the aortic arch

Answer 10

brachiocephalic trunk - splits into right common carotid and right subclavian arteries

left common carotid artery

left subclavian artery

Question 11

what does the subclavian artery supply?

Answer 11

upper limb on each side of the body

Question 12

what does the common carotid artery supply?

Answer 12

structures within head and neck

Question 13

where does the ascending aorta originate?

Answer 13

left ventricle of the heart

Question 14

when does the thoracic aorta become the abdominal aorta?

Answer 14

when it passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm into the abdominal cavity at T12

Question 15

what level is the start and end of the aortic arch?

Answer 15

T4/T5

Question 16

where do the superior and inferior vena cava drain?

Answer 16

right atrium

Question 17

where does superior vena cava drain deoxy blood FROM?

Answer 17

superior structures of body (upper limbs, head and neck)

Question 18

where does inferior vena cava drain deoxy blood FROM?

Answer 18

inferior structures (lower limbs, abdomen and pelvis)

Question 19

what level is the coeliac trunk?

Answer 19

T12

Question 20

what level is the superior mesenteric artery?

Answer 20

L1

Question 21

what level are the left and right renal arteries?

Answer 21

L1

Question 22

what level is the inferior mesenteric artery?

Answer 22

L3

Question 23

what level does the abdominal aorta split into the left and right common iliac arteries?

Answer 23

L5

Question 24

what is the femoral artery?

Answer 24

continuation of the external iliac artery that supplies the lower limb

Question 25

identify the parts of the aorta A - D on the diagram

Answer 25

A = ascending aorta B = aortic arch C = thoracic aorta D = abdominal aorta

Question 26

which veins form the superior vena cava?

Answer 26

l and r brachiocephalic veins

Question 27

what veins form the brachiocephalic veins?

Answer 27

internal jugular vein and subclavian vein on each side

Question 28

which veins form the inferior vena cava?

Answer 28

L and R iliac veins

Question 29

at what level does the IVC pass through the diaphragm?

Answer 29

T8

Question 30

label this diagram of the aortic arch

Answer 30

Question 31

label this diagram of the thoracic aorta

Answer 31

Question 32

label this diagram of the abdominal aorta

Answer 32

Question 33

label this diagram of the abdominal aorta

Answer 33

Question 34

label this diagram of the superior vena cava

Answer 34

Question 35

label this diagram of the posterior vena cava

Answer 35

Question 36

what does the coeliac trunk supply?

Answer 36

liver and stomach

Question 37

what do the lumbar arteries supply and what level are they found?

Answer 37

each lumbar level to supply muscles

Question 38

what level are the renal arteries?

Answer 38

L1

Question 39

what do hepatic veins drain?

Answer 39

liver and contain most of the blood from the abdomen

Question 40

where does the hepatic vein drain into the IVC?

Answer 40

just before it travels through the diaphragm at T8

Question 41

where does the pulmonary trunk carry blood to and from?

Answer 41

deoxy blood from right ventricle splits into left and right pulmonary artery to take blood to each lung

Question 42

where does the pulmonary vein take blood?

Answer 42

carries oxy blood from lungs to left atrium there is a superior and inferior pulmonary vein on each side

Question 43

identify structures A - E, and H - I

Answer 43

A - coeliac trunk B - inferior vena cava C - superior mesenteric artery D - abdominal aorta E - inferior mesenteric artery H - right common iliac artery I - left common iliac vein

Question 44

identify structures labelled A - O

Answer 44

A - R subclavian artery B - R common carotid artery C - L common carotid artery D - L subclavian artery E - R subclavian vein F - R internal jugular vein G - R brachiocephalic vein H - L brachiocephalic vein I - L internal jugular vein J - L subclavian vein K - brachiocephalic trunk L - SVC M - ascending aorta N - aortic arch O - thoracic aorta

Question 45

what are the three layers of connective tissue in blood vessel walls?

Answer 45

tunica adventitia tunica media tunica intima

Question 46

identify structure A

Answer 46

aortic arch

Question 47

identify structure C

Answer 47

oesophagus

Question 48

identify structure A

Answer 48

brachiocephalic trunk

Question 49

identify structure B

Answer 49

one of the posterior intercostal arteries

Question 50

identify structure C

Answer 50

superior mesenteric artery

Question 51

what position is the thoracic duct in relation to the oesophagus?

Answer 51

posterior