Anatomy Overview Flashcards
pre central gyrus
primary motor cortex for voluntary muscle activation
prefrontal cortex
controls emotions and judgements
postcentral gyrus
- parietal lobe
- primary sensory cortex for integration of sensation
- receives fibers converting touch, proprioceptive pain and temperature sensations from opposite side of body
Sensory cortical somatotopic organization
- sensory homunculus
- anterior: foot, leg
- middle: head, shoulder, arm, wrist
- posterior: eyes, nose, face, lips, tongue
Broca’s area
- expressive aphasia
- frontal lobe
wernicke’s area
- receptive aphasia
- temporal lobe
Insula
- deep within lateral sulcus
- addictive behavior, emotion, self-awareness, homeostasis
limbic
- memory formation, instinctual behavior, emotions
- includes limbic lobe, hippocampal formation, amygdaloid nucleus, hypothalamus and anterior nucleus of thalamus
circuits existing in basal ganglia
- oculomotor circuit: functions with saccadic eye movements
- motor loop: scale amplitude and velocity of movements, reinforces selected pattern, suppresses conflicting patterns, preparatory movements
- limbic circuit: organizes behaviors and for procedural learning
hypothalamus
maintains body homeostasis, regulates body temperature, eating, water balance, anterior pituitary function, emotion
epithalamus
pineal gland
- secretes hormones hat influence the pituitary glands and several other organs; influences circadian rhythm
flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum of cerebellum
- connects with vestibular system and is concerned with equilibrium and regulation of muscle tone
- helps coordinate vestibulo-ocular reflex
Spinocerebellum
- adaptive motor coordination in axial and limb musculature
- receives input from proprioceptive pathways and is concerned with modifying muscle tone and synergistic actions
- important in maintenance of posture and voluntary movement control
Cerebrocerebellum
0 Concerned with smooth coordination of voluntary movements
- ensures accurate force, direction and extent of movement
- important for motor learning, sequencing of movements and visually triggered movements
thalamus - sensory nuclei
- integrate and relay sensory information from body, face, retina, cochlea, and taste
- no olfaction
thalamus - motor nuclei
- relay motor information from cerebellum and globes plods to pre central motor cortex
thalamus- other nuclei
assist in integration of visceral and somatic functions
midbrain - colliculi
- superior: important relay station for vision and visual reflex
- inferior: important relay station for hearing and auditory reflexes
midbrain - tegmentum
- contains all ascending tracts and some descending
- red nucleus receives fibers from cerebellum
- origin for rubrospinal tract
- important for coordination
- CN III and VI nucleis
midbrain- substantia nigra
- large motor nucleus connecting basal ganglia and cortex
- important in motor control and muscle tone
midbrain - PAG
contains endorphin- producing cells and descending tracts that are important for pain and reflex modulation
pons - raphe nuclei
modulating pain and controlling arousal
medulla oblongata - medial longitudinal fasciculus
- arrises from vestibular nuclei and extends throughout brainstem and upper cervical spine
- important for control of head movements and gaze stabilization (VOR)
medullar oblongata - olivary nuclear complex
- connects cerebellum to brainstem
- important for voluntary movement control
