Anatomy (Pelvis)

Question 1

False vs True Pelvis

Answer 1

False - (greater pelvis) above pelvis inlet

True - (lesser pelvis) between pelvic inlet & outlet

• Rectum goes from Flase to True across Inlet

Question 2

Pelvis Outlet

Answer 2

• Keeps organs from squirting out of pelvis

Question 3

Male vs Female Pelvis

Answer 3

Inlet - Heart (male) vs Oval (female)

Outlet - Narrow (male) vs Rounded (female)

Cavity - Cone (male) vs Column (female)

Subpelvic Angle - Less broad like 2nd & 3rd fingers vs More broad like 1st & 2nd fingers

Question 4

Obstetric (true) vs Diagonal Conjugate Lines vs Midpelvic (transverse) Diameter

Answer 4

Obstertric - from sacral promontory to pubic symphysis & 2cm shorter than diagonal due to width of pubic symphysis

Diagonal - from sacral promontory to inferior aspect of pubic symphysis & measured with fingers

Midpelvic - between ischial spines & shortest

Question 5

Perineal Body

Answer 5

• Anchoring strucutre that stuff attaches to so no organs prolapse
• Between anterior & posterior gap

Question 6

Pelvic Diaphragm & Its Deficits

Answer 6

• Closes off most of the pelvic outlet
• Deficits allow passage of urogenital & digestive structures into perineum

Question 7

Systems from Anterior to Posterior in Pelvis

Answer 7

• Urinary
• Reproductive
• Digestive
• True for males & females

Question 8

Anal Canal

Answer 8

• Passes pelvic diaphragm
• In perineum, not pelvis

Question 9

Blood Supply for Perineum

Answer 9

• Internal Pudendal Artery

Question 10

Superior vs Middle vs Inferior Rectal Vein Drainage

Answer 10

Hepatic Portal Venous System - Superior

Internal Iliac into Inferior Vena Cava - Middle & Inferior

Question 11

Parasympathetic vs Sympathetic Innervation of Rectum

Answer 11

Parasympathetic - preganglionic fibers from S2, S3, S4 to postganglionic fibers in organ wall

Sympathetic - preganglionic fibers from IML to internal anal sphincter & prevertebral ganglion in lumbrosacral plexus

Question 12

Anal Canal Innervation

Answer 12

• Somatomotor & somatosensory
• Pudenal nerve innervates anal canal & external anal sphincter

Question 13

Controlling Defication (3)

Answer 13

Internal anal sphicter - smooth muscle controlled by sympathetic NS

External anal sphincter - skeletal muscle controlled by pudendal nerve

Puborectalis muscle - contracts to kink rectum

Question 14

Female vs Male Ureter

Answer 14

Female - crossed superiorly by uterine artery

Male - crossed superiorly by ductus deferens

Question 15

Trigone

Answer 15

• only portion of interior bladder walls with smooth muscle

Question 16

Location of Empty vs Full Bladder

Answer 16

Empty - within true pelvis

Full - balloons into abdominal cavity

Question 17

Ureters Orientation & Function

Answer 17

• Enters bladder obliquely
• Prevents back flow of unrine during bladder contraction

Question 18

How to Fill vs Empty Bladder

Answer 18

Filling - detrusor muscle relaxes & sympathetic fibers contract the internal urethral sphincter

Emptying - visceral afferent fibers carry bladder stretch information to S2, S3, S4, parasympathetic fibers contract detrusor muscle & internal urethral sphincter

Question 19

Atonic vs Spastic Bladder

Answer 19

Atonic - inability to empty bladder due to lesion of parasympathetic portion at S2, S3, S4

Spastic - inability to fill bladder due to lesion of sympathetic portion above sacral spinal nerves

Question 20

Male Urethra Divisions from Superior to Inferior

Answer 20

• Prostatic
• Membranous
• Spongy

Question 21

Catheterization of Bladder Complication

Answer 21

• Membranous urethra can rupture since it’s curved and surrounded by external urethral sphincter

Question 22

Sphincter Between Bladder & Prostate

Answer 22

• Contracts to prevent semen from going into bladder

Question 23

Bulbourethral Gland

Answer 23

• Sits in membranous urethra but deposits contents into spongy urethra

Question 24

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Answer 24

• Enlarged prostate prevents flow of urine through the prostatic urethra

Question 25

Rectouterine Space (4)

Answer 25

- Most inferior part of female peritoneal cavity - Site to drain peritoneal cavity - Site to do transvaginal surgery without damaging organs - Site that can be breach peritoneal cavity accidentaly during abortions

Question 26

Anteverted vs Anteflexed Uterus

Answer 26

Anteverted - right angle to vagina in more inferior portion of uterus Anteflexed- bent more towards vaginal in more superior portion of uterus

Question 27

Proper Ovarian Ligament

Answer 27

- Attaches lower pole of ovary to uterus - Only provides structural support

Question 28

Uterine Tube Parts from Ovary to Uterus

Answer 28

- Infundibulum - Ampulla - Isthmus

Question 29

Cervix Function

Answer 29

Plugs with mucus to close off uterus so fetus can live safely

Question 30

Broad Ligament

Answer 30

- Peritoneum that drapes over both sides of the female reproductive structures

Question 31

Transverse Cervial Ligaments

Answer 31

- Uterine artery & vein pass in this ligament