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Neuro Exam 3: Anatomy > Anatomy: Pharynx > Flashcards

Anatomy: Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

general features of pharynx?

A
  • muscular tube serving resp. and digestive fns.
  • extends from base of skull to CV6, continuous thereout with esophagus
  • connects oral and nasal cavities with larynx, and oral cavities with esophagus
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2
Q

what are three divisions of pharynx?

A
  1. nasopharynx (posterior to nasal cavities)
  2. oropharynx (posterior to oral cavity)
  3. laryngopharynx (posterior to larynx)
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3
Q

what are choanae?

A

allow for communication between 2 nasal cavities and pharynx

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4
Q

what is the fold called that is located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx?

A

pharyngeal recess

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5
Q

where is pharyngeal tonsil located? inflammation?

A
  • located within the pharyngeal recess
  • “adenoids” = enlarged inflamed pharyngeal tonsils, can obstruct the nasopharynx, making breathing difficult. infection can also spread to tubal tonsils, blocking the auditory tube and impairing hearing
  • infections can also spread to middle ear causing otitis media, via the auditory tube
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6
Q

what is tubal tonsil?

A

lymphoid tissue located near opening of auditory tube

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7
Q

what is torus tubarius

A

mucosal prominence formed by cartilage of auditory tube

- pharyngeal ostium below tours tubarius represents the opening of the auditory tube

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8
Q

what is salpingopharyngeal fold?

A

fold of mucosa overlying salpingopharyngeus muscle

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9
Q

salpingopharyngeal mm.

A

O: cartilage of auditory tube
I: thyroid cartilage
N: vagus n.
A: assists with swalling

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10
Q

what is levator pad?

A
  • located below torus tubarius in nasopharynx

- fold of mucosa overlying levator veli palatini mm.

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11
Q

fauces?

A

passagewy from mouth to oropharynx

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12
Q

faucial pillars

A

palatoglossal and palatopharngeal folds of the oropharynx

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13
Q

palatoglossus m.

A 
- covered by a fold of mucosa "palatoglossal arch"
O: soft palate
I: tongue
A: swallowing
N: vagus
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14
Q

Palatopharyngeus m.

A 
- fovered by fold " palatopharyngeal arch" 
O: soft palate
I: thyroid cartilage 
A: swallowing 
N: vagus n.
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15
Q

what structures form tonsillar bed?

A
  • tonsillar bed/fossa is a depression b/w palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds
    1. superior constrictor m.
    2. hyoglossus m.
    3. middle constrictor m.
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16
Q

Palatine tonsil location?

A

lymphatic tissue that lies within the tonsillar bed of the oropharynx

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17
Q

epiglottic valleculae

A

2 depressions between epiglottis and posterior tongue

- formed by lateral and medial glossoepiglottic folds

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18
Q

laryngeal inlet?

A

anterior communication of pharynx with larynx

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19
Q

where can swallowed objects sometimes lodge in the laryngopharynx?

A
  • can sometimes lodge in the epiglottic valecullae or piriform recess. if an object pierces the mucosa of the piriform recess then it might damage the internal laryngeal n.
  • will result in anesthesia of laryngeal mucous membrane
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20
Q

where can swallowed objects sometimes lodge in the laryngopharynx?

A
  • can sometimes lodge in the epiglottic valecullae or piriform recess. if an object pierces the mucosa of the piriform recess then it might damage the internal laryngeal n.
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21
Q

fascias of the pharynx?

A

buccopharyngeal fascia (most external, covers the muscles of the pharynx)

pharyngobasilar fascia (most internal fascia that lines muscles of pharynx internally)

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22
Q

superior constrictor muscle

A
  • circularly oriented muslce that forms the superior portion of the pharynx
  • attaches to base of skull, inserts on pharyngeal raphe ligament
    N: vagus n via pharyngeal plexus
    A: swallowing
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23
Q

middle constrictor muscle

A

circularly oriented muscle that forms middle portion of pharynx
- attaches on hyoid bone and inserts on pharyngeal raphe
N: vagus n. via pharyngeal plexus
fn: swallowing

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24
Q

inferior constrictor m.

A

circularly oriented muscle forming the inferior portion of the pharynx
- attaches to the thyroid and cricoid cartilages and inserts on pharyngeal raphe
N: vagus n. via pharyngeal plexus
fn: swallowing

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25
Q

stylopharyngeus m.

A

origin: styloidd process
I: thyroid cartilage
fn: swallowing
innervation: CN IX

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26
Q

palatopharygeus

A

o: hard and soft palates
I: thyroid cartilage
fn: swallowing
N: CN X

27
Q

palatopharygeus

A

o: hard and soft palates
I: thyroid cartilage
fn: swallowing
N: CN X

28
Q

what are three divisions of pharynx?

A
  1. nasopharynx (posterior to nasal cavities)
  2. oropharynx (posterior to oral cavity)
  3. laryngopharynx (posterior to larynx)
29
Q

what are choanae?

A

allow for communication between 2 nasal cavities and pharynx

30
Q

what is the fold called that is located on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx?

A

pharyngeal recess

31
Q

where is pharyngeal tonsil located? inflammation?

A
  • located within the pharyngeal recess
  • “adenoids” = enlarged inflamed pharyngeal tonsils, can obstruct the nasopharynx, making breathing difficult. infection can also spread to tubal tonsils, blocking the auditory tube and impairing hearing
  • infections can also spread to middle ear causing otitis media, via the auditory tube
32
Q

what is tubal tonsil?

A

lymphoid tissue located near opening of auditory tube

33
Q

what is torus tubarius

A

mucosal prominence formed by cartilage of auditory tube

- pharyngeal ostium below tours tubarius represents the opening of the auditory tube

34
Q

what is salpingopharyngeal fold?

A

fold of mucosa overlying salpingopharyngeus muscle

35
Q

lymph drainage of pharynx?

A

drain to retropharyngeal nodes located on the lateral edges of posterior pharynx, ultimately drain to deep cervical lymph nodes

36
Q

what is levator pad?

A
  • located below torus tubarius in nasopharynx

- fold of mucosa overlying levator veli palatini mm.

37
Q

fauces?

A

passagewy from mouth to oropharynx

38
Q

faucial pillars

A

palatoglossal and palatopharngeal folds of the oropharynx

39
Q

palatoglossus m.

A 
- covered by a fold of mucosa "palatoglossal arch"
O: soft palate
I: tongue
A: swallowing
N: vagus
40
Q

Palatopharyngeus m.

A 
- fovered by fold " palatopharyngeal arch" 
O: soft palate
I: thyroid cartilage 
A: swallowing 
N: vagus n.
41
Q

what structures form tonsillar bed?

A
  • tonsillar bed/fossa is a depression b/w palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds
    1. superior constrictor m.
    2. hyoglossus m.
    3. middle constrictor m.
42
Q

Palatine tonsil location?

A

lymphatic tissue that lies within the tonsillar bed of the oropharynx

43
Q

epiglottic valleculae

A

2 depressions between epiglottis and posterior tongue

- formed by lateral and medial glossoepiglottic folds

44
Q

laryngeal inlet?

A

anterior communication of pharynx with larynx

45
Q

piriform fossa

A

depression lateral to the larynx

- internal laryngeal n. runs deep to the mucosa of this recess

46
Q

where can swallowed objects sometimes lodge in the laryngopharynx?

A
  • can sometimes lodge in the epiglottic valecullae or piriform recess. if an object pierces the mucosa of the piriform recess then it might damage the internal laryngeal n.
47
Q

fascias of the pharynx?

A

buccopharyngeal fascia (most external, covers the muscles of the pharynx)

pharyngobasilar fascia (most internal fascia that lines muscles of pharynx internally)

48
Q

superior constrictor muscle

A
  • circularly oriented muslce that forms the superior portion of the pharynx
  • attaches to base of skull, inserts on pharyngeal raphe ligament
    N: vagus n via pharyngeal plexus
    A: swallowing
49
Q

middle constrictor muscle

A

circularly oriented muscle that forms middle portion of pharynx
- attaches on hyoid bone and inserts on pharyngeal raphe
N: vagus n. via pharyngeal plexus
fn: swallowing

50
Q

inferior constrictor m.

A

circularly oriented muscle forming the inferior portion of the pharynx
- attaches to the thyroid and cricoid cartilages and inserts on pharyngeal raphe
N: vagus n. via pharyngeal plexus
fn: swallowing

51
Q

stylopharyngeus m.

A

origin: styloidd process
I: thyroid cartilage
fn: swallowing
innervation: CN IX

52
Q

salpingopharyngeus

A

O: cartilage of auditory tube
I: thyroid cartilage
fn: swallowing
N: CN X

53
Q

palatopharygeus

A

o: hard and soft palates
I: thyroid cartilage
fn: swallowing
N: CN X

54
Q

Gap 1

A

between the base of skull and superior constrictor m.

- allows for passage of levator veli palatini and auditory tube

55
Q

Gap 2

A

between the superior and middle constrictors

- allows for passage of stylopharyngeus and glossopharyngeal n.

56
Q

Gap 3

A

between middle and inferior constrictors

- allows for passageway of internal laryngeal n. and superior laryngeal a. “stylohyoid membrane”

57
Q

gap 4

A

between inferior constrictor and esophagus

- allows for passage of inferior (recurrent) laryngeal n. and artery

58
Q

blood supply to pharynx?

A
  • superior thyroid a.

- ascending pharyngeal a.

59
Q

veins of pharynx?

A

pharyngeal plexus of vv. which drain to the internal jugular v.

60
Q

what branches does pharyngeal nerve plexus provide?

A
  1. SVE of CN X (almost all motor aside from stylopharyngeus which is glossopharyngeal n. IX)
  2. GVA of CN IX - all sensory
  3. sympathetic fibers: directly come from cervical sympathetic chain
61
Q

Gag reflex

A

“pharyngeal reflex”

  • sensed by CN IX (affarent)
  • produced by CN X (efferent)
  • protective response to prevent foreign objects from passing deeper into pharynx or larynx. stimulated by touching root of tongue oropharynx

“in by IX, out by X”

62
Q

lymph drainage of pharynx?

A

drain to retropharyngeal nodes located on the lateral edges of posterior pharynx, ultimately drain to deep cervical lymph nodes

63
Q

branchial fistula

A

an abnormal canal that opens internally into the tonsillar sinus and externally to the side of neck. saliva may drip from fistula which may become infected. results from persistence of remnants of 2nd pharyngeal pouth and 2nd pharyngeal groove.

64
Q

branchial sinuses/cysts

A

when embryonic cervical sinus fails to disappear it may retain connection with lateral surface of neck via branchial sinus.

Neuro Exam 3: Anatomy (12 decks)

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