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VTNE > Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What species has a clavicle?

A

Cat

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2
Q

Which species have an os penis?

A

Dog and cat

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3
Q

Flexor

A

Decreases the angle of a joint

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4
Q

Extensor

A

Increases the angle of a joint

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5
Q

Abductor

A

Moves a limb away from the body

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6
Q

Adductor

A

Moves a limb towards the body

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7
Q

Levator

A

Movement of a muscle toward the back (dorsally)

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8
Q

Depressor

A

Muscle movement ventrally (toward the back)

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9
Q

Sphincter

A

Muscle thar decreases the size of an opening

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10
Q

Cerebrum -function

A

Motor control, sensory interpretation

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11
Q

Thalmus - function

A

Interpret pain and temperature

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12
Q

Hypothalamus- function

A

Homeostasis functions - fluid balance, thirst, urine output, food intake, emotions, behavior.

Endocrine functions

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13
Q

Brainstem - function

A

Respiratory center, heart rate, vomiting, coughing, sneezing, sleep/wake cycle

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14
Q

Cerebellum function

A

Coordination & balance

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15
Q

Sympathetic nervous system function

A

Fight or flight

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16
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system function

A

Digestion, heart rate

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17
Q

Systolic BP is the force during?

A

Ventricular contraction

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18
Q

Diastolic BP is the force during?

A

Ventricular relaxation

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19
Q

Path of food through a ruminant stomach

A

Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

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20
Q

Rumen

A

Fermentation vat

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21
Q

Reticulum

A

Hardware component

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22
Q

Omasum

A

Grinds food

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23
Q

Abomasum

A

Chemical digestion

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24
Q

Lymph organs (4)

A

Spleen, tonsils, thymus, mucosa

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25
Q

Tidal volume

A

Volume of air exchanged during normal breathing

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26
Q

GFR

A

Glomerular filtration rate = rate at which filtration is made in the kidneys

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27
Q

What is urine made of?

A

Water and metabolic waste products

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28
Q

What does ADH (vasopression) do to urine production?

A

Increases absorption of water in the kidney

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29
Q

What does aldosterone have to do with urine production?

A

Stimulate sodium absorption in the kidney

30
Q

What species doesn’t have a bulbourethral gland?

A

Dogs, they only have a prostate

31
Q

What species have little erectile tissue and achieve erection by straightening the sigmoid flexure of the penis?

A

Cows, sheep, pigs

32
Q

What species have an os penis?

A

Dogs and cats

33
Q

What does follicle Stimulating hormone (FSH) do in males?

A

Starts spermatogenesis

34
Q

Uniparous animals have how many young at a time

A

One

35
Q

Multifarious animals have how many young at one time?

A

Multiple

36
Q

Monstrous animals have how many cycles per year?

A

One

37
Q

Diestrous estrous cycle have how many cycles in a year? And when?

A

Two, spring and fall?

38
Q

What species is diestrus?

A

Dog

39
Q

Polyestrous means what?

A

More than 1 estrous cycles per year, continuous cycling

40
Q

Seasonally polyestrous means what?

A

Cycle continuously in specific seasons

41
Q

What species is polyestrous?

A

Pig

42
Q

What species are seasonally polyestrous?

A

Cat, horse, sheep

43
Q

Reflex or induced ovulators ovulate after?

A

Breeding

44
Q

What species are induced ovulators?

A

Cats, rabbits, mink, ferret, alpaca, llama

45
Q

What is a spontaneous ovulator?

A

An animal that will ovulate regardless of breeding

46
Q

What species are spontaneous ovulators?

A

Dog, cow, horse

47
Q

In which part of the estrous cycle are females attracting males, but not receptive?

A

Proestrous

48
Q

Which part of the estrous cycle is referred to as standing heat?

A

Estrus

49
Q

At what stage during the estrous cycle will cats experience behavior changes like rubbing, lordosis, and vocalization?

A

Estrus

50
Q

What is the corpus luteum?

A

A ruptured follicle that produces progesterone

51
Q

What is metestrus?

A

Short postovulatory phase where progesterone is produced

52
Q

In what estrous stage is an animal stuck in during a pseudopregnancy?

A

Diestrus

53
Q

What is anestrus?

A

Long period of inactivity of the reproductive system in seasonally polyestrous animals

54
Q

What is the gestation period of a dog?

A

63 days

55
Q

What is the gestation period of a cat?

A

63 days

56
Q

What is the gestation period of a horse?

A

336 days

57
Q

What is the gestation period of a cow?

A

285 days

58
Q

What is the gestation period of a pig?

A

114 days

59
Q

What is the gestation period of sheep?

A

147 days

60
Q

What is the gestation period of a goat?

A

150 days

61
Q

Dystocia

A

Difficult birth

62
Q

What hormone produced and secreted by the pituitary influences lactation?

A

Prolactin

63
Q

What is colostrum?

A

The first milk, full of antibodies, proteins, and vitamins

64
Q

What is the name of the highly reflective membrane at the back of the eye of most mammals?

A

Tapetum lucidum

65
Q

What part of the eye houses photoreceptors?

A

The retina

66
Q

What is the function of the lens in the eye?

A

Focuses light onto the retina

67
Q

What part of the eye regulates the light that passes through the lens?

A

The iris

68
Q

What is the nictitating membrane?

A

Third eyelid

69
Q

What part of the ear houses the 3 ossicles?

A

Middle ear

70
Q

What part of the ear has nerve receptors for perception of balance?

A

Inner ear

VTNE (2 decks)

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