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Esthetics 2012-2013 > Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

the study of the structures of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye and of what substances they are made. It is the science of the structure of organisms, or of their parts

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2
Q

Physiology

A

the study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures

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3
Q

Cells

A

the basic unit of all living things, from bacteria to plants to animals to human beings

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4
Q

Basic Cell Structure

A

the cells of living things are composed of a substance called protoplasm.

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5
Q

Protoplasm

A

a colorless, jellylike substance in which food elements such as proteins, fats, carbonhydrates, mineral salts, and water are present.

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6
Q

Organelle

A

small organ inside a cell. Among the organelle most cells contain ( protoplasm, organelle, nucleus and the cell membrane

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7
Q

Nucleus

A

the dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell. It plays an important part in cell reproduction and metabolism.

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8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

all the protoplasm of a cell except that found in the nucleus

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9
Q

Cells

A

cells have the ability to reproduce, thus providing new cells for the growth and replacement of worn or injured ones

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10
Q

Mitosis

A

the usual process of the cell reproduction in human tissues that occurs when the cells divides into two identical cells called daughter cells

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11
Q

Favorable conditions

A

As long as conditions are favorable, the cell will grow and reproduce.

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12
Q

Types of Favorable conditions

A

an adequate supply of food, oxygen, and water; suitable temperatures, and the ability to eliminate waste products

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13
Q

Metabolism

A

chemical process that takes place in living organisms. Through metabolism, cells are nourished and carry out their activities. Metabolism has tow phases: Anabolism & Catabolism- they are carried out simultaneously and continually within the cells

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14
Q

Anabolism

A

during this process the body stores water, food, and oxygen for the time when these substances will be needed for cell growth and repair

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15
Q

Catabolism

A

phase of the metabolism in which complex compounds within the cells are broken down into smaller ones. This process releases energy that is stored by special molecules to be used in muscle contractions, body secretions or heat protection

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16
Q

Tissue

A

a collection of similar cells that perform a particular function

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17
Q

Connective tissue

A

supports, protects, and binds together other tissues of the body. Eg: bone, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fascia (separates muscle) and fat.

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18
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

gives smoothness and contour to the body. Collagen and elastin are protein fibers also located in the connective tissue

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19
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

a protective covering on body surfaces. Eg, skin, mucous membrane, the lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs, and the glands

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20
Q

Skeletal (bones)

A

Physical foundation of the body;

Consist of the bones and movable and immovable joints

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21
Q

Nerve Tissue

A

carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions. Nerve tissue is composed of special cells known as neuron, which make up the nerves, brain, and spinal cord

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22
Q

Circulatory

A

Controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels

(Blood supply at all times)

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23
Q

Digestive

A

Changes food into nutrients and wastes consists of mouth stomach intestines salivary and gastric glands

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24
Q

Integumentary (Skin)

A

Serves as a protective covering for the body and helps in temperature regulation;consists of skin accessory organs such as oil and sweat glands sensory receptors hair and nails

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25
Body systems
Also know as systems are group of bodily organs acting together to perform one or more function. The Humana body is composed of 11 major systems
26
Tibia
Largest bones in the body
27
Skeletal system
Helps produce both white and red blood cells ( one of the functions of the bone marrow
28
The skeletal system
Muscles are connected to bones by tendons. Bones are connected to each other by ligaments The place where bones meet one another is typically called a joint
29
Teeth. &. Bones
Hardest tissue in the body
30
Cranium Skull bones
Is an oval, bony case that protects the brain, formed by 8 bones
31
Occipital bone
The hindmost bone of the skull, it forms the back of the skull above the nape
32
Parietal Bones
Form the sides and crown (top) of the cranium
33
Frontal Bones
Forms the foreheads
34
Temporal Bone
form the sides of the head in the ear region
35
Maxillary bone
form the upper jaw
36
Mandible
forms the lower jawbone, the largest and strongest bone of the face
37
Humerus
uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder
38
Myology
study of nature, structure, functiona and diseases of the muscles
39
Muscles
30 of 630 muscles are facail muscles. Muscles are fibrous tissues with the ability to stretch and contract according to the demands of the body's movements
40
Striated muscles
Skeletal or Voluntary ; are attached to the bones and make up a large percentage of body massand are controlled by the will
41
Non Striated muscles
Involuntary or Visceral or Smooth - functions automatically, without conscious will. These muscles are found in the gigestive and circulatory systems
42
Parts of Muscles
Origin- stationary or fixed part ofmuscle closest to the skeleton which flexes Belly- middle part of the muscle Insertion- movable attachment farthest away from skeleton. *pressure in massage is directed from insertion to origin*`
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Muscular tissue is stimulated by
``` massage light rays heat rays electrical therapy current moist heat nerves impluses chemicals ```
44
Epicranius
*occipitofrontalis* broad muscle that covers the top of the skull. it consist of : Occipitalis & frontalis
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Epicranial aponeurosis
tendon connecting the occipitais to the frontalis
46
muscles of mastication
the main muscles of mastication coordinate to open and close the mouth to bring the jaw forward or backward. These muscles are referred to as chewing muscles : MASSETER
47
Muscles of the Neck
Platysma: muscle extending form the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin. Responsible for lowering the lower jaw & lip Sternocleidomastoid: muscle extending along side the neck from the ear to the collarbone. It acts to rotate the head from side to side & up and down
48
Muslces of the Eyebrows
Corrugator: located beneath the frontalisand orbicularis oculi -- draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forhead vertically Orbicularis Oculi: ring around the musce of the eys socket -- closes the eyes.
49
Pecoralis Major & Pectoralis Minor
muslces of chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm.
49
Biceps
Muscles that produce contour to the front and inner side of the upper arm; lift forearm, f
50
Biceps
At contour to the front and inner side of the upper arm ; lifts forearm, flex elbow and turn the palms outward
51
Deltoid
Large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body
52
Extensors
Muscles that straighten the wrist, hand and fingers to form a straight line
53
Flexors
Extensor muscles of the wrist, involved in flexing the wrist
54
Supinator
Muscles that rotate the radius outward and the palm upward
55
Abductors
Muscles that draw a body part, such as fingers, arm, toe, away from the midline of the body or an extremity
56
The Nervous System
3 main subdivision: | CNS- central nervous system: brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves and cranial nerves
57
CNS- central nervous system
: brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves and cranial nerves. It controls consciousness and many activities, voluntary functions of five senses, and voluntary muscle actions:body movements & facial expressions
58
Peripheral nervous system
Connects the peripheral (outer) parts of the body to the central nervous system that citron
59
Autonomic nervous system ANS
Controls involuntary muscles; regulates action of the smooth muscles, blood vessels. Heart and breathing
60
Autonomic nervous system
Responsible for the internal regulation of impulses from the central nervous system to smooth muscles : heart blood vessels & glands
61
Sympathetic division
Stimulates or speeds up activity and prepares the body for stressful situations
62
Parasympathetic division
Operates under normal, non stressful condition and helps restore and slow down activity thus keeping the body in balance
63
Cerebrum
Cerebral cortex | Located in the part of the cerebrum from which most messages from brain are sent- thought hearing sight
64
Diencephalon
Located in the uppermost part of the midbrain and has two main part thalamus & hypothalamus
65
Spinal cord
Thirty one pairs of spinal nerves extending from the spinal cord are distributed to the muscle and skin of the trunk and limbs
66
Blood
There are 8 to 10 pints of blood in the body, accounting for about 1/20of the body weight
67
Blood
Carries oxygen, food and secretions to all cells of the body
68
White Blood Cells
White corpuscles or leukocytes, | Perform the function of destroying disease causing germs
69
Facial artery
External maxillary artery, supplies blood to the lower region of the face mouth and nose

Esthetics 2012-2013 (7 decks)

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