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NHA's CET Certification Study Guide > Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

Made up of 4 chambers:

  • left and right atria
  • left and right ventricles

left and right sides r separated by the septa

  • right side pumps blood 2 the lungs
  • left side pumps 2 the body
A

Heart

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2
Q

Made up of 3 layers:

  • endocardium
  • myocardium
  • pericardium
A

Heart wall

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3
Q

A layer of the heart wall

Promotes blood flow through the heart

A

Endocardium

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4
Q

A layer of the heart wall

Propels blood forward

A

Myocardium

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5
Q

A layer of the heart wall

Consists of connective tissue which forms the sac around the heart

Provides protection and lubrication

A

Pericardium

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6
Q

Made up of 4:

  • tricuspid
  • bicuspid
  • pulmonary semilunar
  • aortic

Controls the direction of blood flow through the heart and when synchronized, ir prevents blood from flowing backward

Made up of leaflets or flaps that r strong but floppy

Contains chordae tendineae

A

Heart valves

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7
Q

Located w/in the heart valve

Supports valve leaflets which prevents regurgitation of blood

Anchored 2 papillary muscles inside the ventricle walls

A

Chordae tendineae

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8
Q

2 names for 1 of 4 heart valves

separates right atrium from the right ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

Right atrial ventricular

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9
Q

3 names for 1 of the 4 heart valves

Separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

A

Bicuspid valve

Mitral valve

Left atrial ventricular

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10
Q

1 of 4 heart valves

Located between the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve

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11
Q

1 of 4 heart valves

Located between the ventricle and the aorta

A

Aortic valve

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12
Q

1 of 4 heart chambers

Receives deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation by way of the superior and inferior vena cava

Coronary circulation returns blood from the coronary sinus in2 this heart chamber

Pumps blood through the tricuspid valve in2 the right ventricle

Depolarization occurs here first

Houses the SA node aka pacemaker of the heart

A

Right Atrium

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13
Q

1 of 4 chambers of the heart

pumps blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve 2 the pulmonary arteries

A

Right ventricle

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14
Q

Directs blood 2 the lungs 4 oxygenation

A

Pulmonary arteries

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15
Q

1 of 4 chambers of the heart

Receives oxygenated blood from capillary beds w/in the lungs via pulmonary veins

Pumps blood through the mitral valve in2 the left ventricle

Depolarization occurs after the other side depolarizes

A

Left atrium

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16
Q

1 of 4 valves of the heart

Pumps blood through the aortic semilunar valve in2 the aorta

Receives blood from the left atrium through the mitral valve

A

Left ventricle

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17
Q

Right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary semilunar valve > pulmonary arteries > lungs

A

Blood flow through the right side of the heart

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18
Q

Lungs > left atrium > mitral valve > left ventricle > aortic semilunar valve

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A

Blood flow through the left side of the heart

19
Q

Passive, low pressure system

These 2 arteries arise from the root of the aorta

Occurs during ventricular diastole and systole

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A

Coronary circulation

20
Q

Part of coronary circulation

Semilunar flaps of aortic valve occlude the orifices causing pressure 2 rises inside the ventricles causing high pressure on the epicardium and compresses the coronary vessels

As the ventricular myocardium contracts, the surface length becomes shorter than during diastole which causes coronary vessels on the epicardium 2 become tortuous

Attempting 2 profuse these vessels would b inefficient

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A

Ventricular systole

21
Q

1 of 2 main arteries that carry oxygenated blood 2 the myocardium

Supplies oxygenated blood 2 the right ventricle and the inferior wall of the left ventricle

Perfuses the SA node in 50% of the population

Some people r said 2 b right side dominance when the posterior descending artery arises from it’s distal location

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A

Right coronary

RCA

22
Q

Supplies the SA node

Occlusion of this artery can manifest as extreme sinus bradycardia on the EKG

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A

Sinoatrial artery

SA

23
Q

Perfuses the AV node from the RCA in more than 90% of the population

Occlusion of this artery results in high degree heart block on the EKG

Only connection between the atria 2 the ventricles

Below lies the junction if the SA node fails

Holds the electrical signal received from the SA node 4 a short period of time 2 allow the ventricles 2 completely fill w/blood

Conducts impulses to the bundle of His

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A

Atrioventricular node artery

AV node

24
Q

1 of 2 main arteries that carry oxygenated blood 2 the myocardium

Is short and branches out in2 the LCx(left circumflex artery) and the left anterior descending artery

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A

Left main coronary artery

LMCA

25
Supplies oxygenated blood 2 the posterolateral aspect of the left ventricle
Left circumflex artery | LCx
26
Supplies oxygenated blood 2 the anterior wall of the left ventricle Occlusion can lead 2 arrhythmias and death witch is y it is referred 2 as the Widow Maker”
Left anterior descending artery | LAD
27
R not interconnected but if perfusion decreases, small arteries may lengthen and connect forming collateral vessels which compensate for reduced oxygen supply and delay the symptoms of heart disease
Large coronary arteries
28
Controls the synchronic rhythmic contraction of the heart Electrical impulses r initiated in the SA node and r conducted through both atria and r directed 2 the AV node then AV node delays transmission signal 2 the ventricles allowing them 2 fill w/blood then Depolarization continues towards the apex of the heart through the bundle of His and the left and right bundle branches which terminate in the Purkinje fibers As the electrical impulses reach the myocardium, the muscle cells depolarize and contract
Normal conduction system
29
Occurs when the heart muscle initiates it’s own impulses These impulses r called ectopic beats
Automaticity
30
Occurs when the tissue becomes irritated, initiating impulses from outside normal pathways Seen on the EKG as premature atrial, junctional or ventricular complexes
Ectopic beats
31
Known as the pacemaker of the heart and fires 60 - 100 times a minute Conducts the electrical impulse 2 the AV node via the internodal pathways located in the walls of the atria 3 pathways connect it to the AV node: - anterior - medial - posterior
SA node
32
Connects the right and left atria
Bachmann’s bundle
33
Creates the P wave on a EKG
Atrial depolarization
34
Lies below the AV node and acts as a backup pacemaker should the SA node fail to function Fires 40 - 60 times per minute
Junction
35
The time needed 4 an impulse 2 travel from the SA node through the AV node 2 the ventricles An increase of time may indicate that the AV node isn’t conducting impulses normally Absence of signal conduction indicates a complete heart block
PR interval
36
When the AV node is unable 2 conduct impulses from the SA node 2 the ventricles effecting the PR interval
Complete heart block
37
Located in the interventricular septum Transmits impulses 2 the right and left bundle branches
Bundle of His Interventricular bundle
38
Located in the interventricular septum Carries impulses from the AV node 2 the Purkinje fibers of the right ventricle causing depolarization Receives oxygenated blood from the LAD
Right bundle branch | RBB
39
Houses the RBB (right bundle branch) and the LAD (left anterior descending artery supplies it
Interventricular septum
40
Located in the interventricular septum Carries impulses from the AV node 2 the Purkinje fibers of the left ventricle causing depolarization Receives oxygenated blood from the LAD Is short and divided in2 2 sections: - left anterior fascicle - left posterior fascicle
Left bundle branch | LBB
41
1 part of the LBB Runs along the anterior surface of the heart
Left anterior fascicle
42
1 part of the LBB Runs the length of the septum Conducts impulses 2 the Purkinje fibers on the posterior surface of the left ventricle In addition 2 the blood from the LAD, it also receives blood from the RCA causing it 2 b more resistant 2 ischemia (inadequate blood supply 2 the heart)
Left posterior fascicle
43
A network of conduction pathways that traverse the surface of the ventricles and depolarize them initiating myocardial contraction Absense of SA and AV node stimulation causes it 2 fire at 20 - 40 times per minute
Purkinje fibers

NHA's CET Certification Study Guide (6 decks)

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