Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

What is a exoskeleton?

Answer 1

Hard outer shell of the body, which is made up of bones with muscles connected to them, and bone attached onto main frame.

Question 2

What is a endoskeleton?

Answer 2

Hard internal support system, with backbone strengthened by girdles, and bones with muscles attached near the ends.

Question 3

What is a hydrostatic skeletion?

Answer 3

Fluid filled cell, water is held in the body and moved around by muscles to cause change in shape or position of the organism.

Question 4

What bones are in the feet?

Answer 4

Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges.

Question 5

What bones are in the hands?

Answer 5

Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges.

Question 6

What bones are in the legs?

Answer 6

Femur (Top), Patella (Knee), Tibia (Inside Bottom), Fibula (Outside Bottom)

Question 7

What bones are in the arms?

Answer 7

Humerus (Top), Ulna (Inside Bottom), Radius (Outside Bottom)

Question 8

What bones are in the pelvis?

Answer 8

Illium (Outside), Sacrum (Inside), Pubis (Bottom)

Question 9

What bones are in the Torso?

Answer 9

Clavicle (Collarbone), Scapula (Shoulder), Ribs, Sternum (Middle)

Question 10

What bones are in the head?

Answer 10

Cranuim (Skull), Mandible (Chin)

Question 11

What is the Axial Skeleton made up of?

Answer 11

Skull, Vertebrae, Ribs

The core bone structure.

Question 12

What is the Appendicular Skeleton made up of?

Answer 12

Arms, Legs, Pelvis.

Limbs which are attached to the Axial Skeleton.

Question 13

What is a Fibrous joint?

Answer 13

Connect bones without allowing any movement.

Question 14

What is a Cartilaginous joint?

Answer 14

Joints which attach bones to cartilage.

Only allow for little movement.

Question 15

What is a synovial joint?

Answer 15

Joints which allow for large movement.

Contain synovial fluid for lubrication.

Question 16

What type of joint is the arm to the shoulder?

Answer 16

Ball and socket.

Question 17

What type of joint is the knee?

Answer 17

Hinge joint.

Question 18

What is a saddle joint?

Answer 18

Allows for movement back and forth and up and down.
Does not allow for rotation.
Found between carpal and metacarpal.
Found between tarsal and metatarsal.

Question 19

What is a gliding joint?

Answer 19

Bones slide past each other.

Question 20

What are ligaments for?

Answer 20

Link the ends of bones together at a joint.

Question 21

What are tendons for?

Answer 21

Attach muscles to bones.

Question 22

What organs do the ribs protect?

Answer 22

Heart, Lungs, Liver.

Question 23

What are the 3 types of muscle?

Answer 23

Cardiac, Smooth, Striated.

Question 24

What is a stimulus?

Answer 24

Something that can be sensed.

Question 25

What are sensory neurons?

Answer 25

Sense things such as touch, light, sound, temperature, smell, taste, pressure and other stimuli.

Question 26

What are Motor neurons?

Answer 26

Receive signals from central nervous system and cause muscles to move, or glands to work.

Question 27

What are Inter neurons?

Answer 27

Connect neurons with other neurons within the same region, relay messages.

Question 28

What is a neuron?

Answer 28

Cells found in the nerve.

Question 29

What is a receptor?

Answer 29

Detects one type of stimulus.

Question 30

What is an effector?

Answer 30

Something which acts on impulse when receiving a message from a receptor, such as muscles or glands.

Question 31

What is a reflex arc for?

Answer 31

Allows for fast reactions.

Question 32

How does the reflex arc work?

Answer 32

The receptors signal is intercepted by an interneuron and send straight to the effector, bypassing the brain.

Question 33

What is adrenaline for?

Answer 33

Prepares the body for fight or flight.

Question 34

What is Insulin for?

Answer 34

Causes the conversion of glucose into glycogen, reducing blood sugar levels.

Question 35

What is Glucagon for?

Answer 35

Causes the break down of glycogen into glucose, increasing blood sugar levels.

Question 36

What is testosterone for?

Answer 36

Controls development of male sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 37

What is Oestrogen for?

Answer 37

Controls the development of female sex organs and secondary sexual characteristics. Causes the lining of the uterus to get thick and spongy.