Anatomy portion Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
What are the cutaneous contributions of the femoral nerve?
A
Anterior cutaneous branches
Saphenous nerve
2
Q
What can an anterior hip dislocation impinge?
A
Femoral nerve and lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
3
Q
What is meralgia paresthetica?
A
compression of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve as it passes under inguinal ligament causing pain along lateral thigh
4
Q
Where is the adductor canal? What is its roof? and where does it end?
A
betweeen vastus medialis and adductor magnus
antereomedial intermuscular septum
ends at adductor hiatus
5
Q
What exits the adductor canal through medial side?
A
Saphenous nerve and descending genicular artery
6
Q
What is the chief arterial supply to lower limb?
A
Femoral artery
7
Q
What is the main arterial supply to femoral head and neck?
A
Medial circumflex femoral artery
Passes between iliopsoas and pectineus to reach posterior thigh
8
Q
What artery supplies lateral thigh muscles and femur head? Name its branches
A
Lateral circumflex femoral artery
9
Q
Lateral cutaneous branch of the subcostal nerve
A
T12
10
Q
Femoral branches of genitofemoral n
A
L1-L2 Lumbar plexus
11
Q
ilioinguinal n
A
L1
12
Q
Iliohypogastric
A
L1
13
Q
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
A
L2-3
14
Q
Anterior cutaneous branches of femoral nerve
A
L2-4
15
Q
Cutaneous branch of obturator nerve
A
L2
Obturator nerve L2-4
16
Q
Saphenous nerve
A
L3,L4
From femoral nerve
17
Q
Patellar reflex
A
Testing femoral nerve and spinal cord L2-4
Absence = westphals sign
18
Q
Calcaneal tendon reflex
A
Test S1 and S2 nerve roots
19
Q
Femoral n
A
L2-L4
20
Q
Obturator nerve
A
L2-L4
21
Q
Sciatic N
A
L4-S3
22
Q
Tibial nerve
A
L4-S3
23
Q
Common fibular n
A
L4-S2
24
Q
Musculocutaneous n
A
C5-C7
25
Median N
C6-T1
26
Ulnar N
C8-T1
27
Radial N
C5-T1
28
Median brachial cutaneous n
C8-T2
29
Medial antebrachial cutaneous n
C8-T1
30
Lateral femoral cutaneous n
L2-L3
31
Posterior femoral cutaneous n
S1-S3
32
What is the chief artery of the thigh?
Deep femoris a
It is done in the thigh
33
Root contribution to Femoral N and from what plexus?
L2-4
| Lumbar plexus - largest
34
Describe fibrous joints
```
Most synarthroses or amphiarthrosis
No joint cavity
Gomphoses - syn
Sutures - syn
Syndesmoses - amph (radius and ulna)
```
35
Cartilaginous joints
Lack joint cavity
Synchrondroses - syn: costochondral joints
Symphyses - amph: intervertebral disks
36
What is synarthrosis?
immovable joint
37
What is amphiarthrosis?
Slightly moveable joint
38
What is diarthrosis?
Freely moveable joint
39
What is a bursae?
Fibrous saclike structure that contains synovial fluid and is lined by a synovial membrane
40
What is a fatpad?
Often distributed along the periphery of a synovial joint and acts as a packing material and provides some protection for the joint
41
What is the only adductor that crosses the knee?
Gracillis
| It adducts the thigh but also flexes and medially rotates the leg
42
What bursa is found at hip joint?
iliopectineal bursa
43
There is dorsal rami innervation in the gluteal region, name them
Superior cluneal and middle cluneal from S1-S3
| Cutaneous
44
What nerve supplies more skin than any other cutaneous nerve?
Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
45
Where are intragluteal injections made?
In supero-lateral part of gluteal region in order to avoid sciatic nerve and other gluteal nn and vessels
46
What vessels make up the cruciate anastomosis of the thigh?
Transverse branch of medial circumflex femoral a
Terminal part of transverse branch of lateral circumflex femoral a
First perforating a
Inferior gluteal a
47
What makes up the triceps coxae?
Gemelli twins and obturator internus
48
What is a fabella?
Sesamoid bone close to proximal attachment of lateral Gastrochemius head
49
What can possibly rupture during violent ankle movements? Like sudden dorsiflexion of ankle. Pain is so severe that a patient isnt able to bare weight
Hint: can also be used in reconstructive surgery of hand
Plantaris
50
What is the most commonly injured lower extremity nerve?
Common fibular nerve
Foot drop
51
The acetabular notch is bridged by what?
transverse acetabular ligament
52
What artery arises from the ligamentum teres?
obturator artery
53
What deepens socket for femoral head and when torn can cause a pinching sensation when a person flexes the thigh?
Fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum
54
What are the three hip joint intrinsic ligament (not including ligamentum teres)? Which one is the strongest?
Iliofemoral -strongest
Ischiofemoral: Strengthens posterior
Pubofemoral: strengthens anterior and inferior
55
Is ACL or PCL taut when leg is flexed?
PCL
56
What tests are used for ACL?
Pivot and anterior drawer
57
What tests are used for PCL?
Quads active test and posterior drawer
58
What is the unhappy triad?
Lateral meniscus
Tibial collateral ligament
ACL
59
The muscles of the dorsum of the foot are supplied by what nerve?
deep fibular nerve
60
What may lead to bony process developing from medial calcaneal tubercle?
This is a heel spur cuased by plantar fasciitis
61
What nerve gives off the lateral and medial plantar nerves?
Tibial nerve
62
What can cause a bunion?
hallux valgus
63
Name for the loss of transverse arch?
Pes transversoplanus
64
Name for loss of longitudinal arch?
Pes planus
65
What are the dynamic support of the foot?
TA, and TP
FHL
intrinsic muscles
FL
66
What provides that passive support for the foot
Plantar aponeurosis
Short and long plantar ligaments
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
67
what does the latissimus dorsi do?
Extends, Adducts, and medially rotates the humerus
68
Thoracodorsal nerve
C6-C8
| Brachial plexus
69
Dorsal Scapular nerve
C4 C5
70
Name the muscles of the splenius group and their action
Splenius capitis
Splenius cervicis
Extend head and neck
Laterally flex neck and rotate head to side
71
Name the muscles of the erector spinae group and their actions
Longissimus
Iliocostalis
Spinalis
Extend head and vertebral column
Laterally flex vertebral column
72
Name the muscles of the transversospinalis group and their function
Rotatores - longus and brevis: extends head, cervical and thoracic region; rotates
Multifidus - lumbar: big stabilizer
Semispinalis - thoracis, cervicis, and capitis: extend head, cervical and thoracic regions; rotates them
73
Name the muscles of the segmental muscles, the innervation and function
Interspinales
Intertransversari - breaks rule; often get innervation from ventral rami of spinal nerves
Levator costarum - accessorize levator costal muscles and move ribs
74
What is the continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament?
Tectorial membrane
75
What is the cruciate ligament in the cervical region?
Small ligaments between AA and OA
| Keeps pivot joint together
76
Name the muscles of the suboccipital region
Rectus capitis posterior major
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Superior oblique capitis
Inferior oblique capitis
77
What is the motor nerve to all muscles of the suboccipital triangle?
C1 nerve
| Suboccipital nerve that comes above C1
78
What is the sensory innervation to the suboccipital region?
Greater occipital nerve
79
What are the contents of the Suboccipital triangle?
Vertebral artery and Suboccipital nerve
80
What is occipital neuralgia?
Irritation of greater occipital and lesser occipital nerve
81
What trauma can cause the fracture of dens at base or horizontal axis (less common)
Horizontal blow to head
82
Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane is continuos with what?
Ligamentum flava
83
Nuchal ligament becomes continuous with...
Supraspinous ligament
84
What are the thoracolumbar fascia?
Anterior - quadratus lumborum
Middle - deep layer
Posterior - most superficial
85
What is pars inerarticularis?
Fracture at inferior and superior articular facets
Looks like a dog with collar
Associated with spondylolysis (broken vertebra)
86
What is sacralization?
fusion of L5 with sacrum
