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Anatomy Practical 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

the pre central gyrus is also called the ?

A

primary motor cortex

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2
Q

the longitudinal fissure divides ?

A

right and left hemispheres

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3
Q

the central sulcus of rolando divides?

A

the frontal and parietal lobe

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4
Q

the precentral gyrus is also known as the ?

A

primary motor cortex

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5
Q

the postcentral gyrus is also known as?

A

the primary somatosensory cortex

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6
Q

the lateral fissure is also known as ?

A

the sylvian fissure

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7
Q

what is broca’s area ?

A

on the frontal lobe that is dominant for language development (usually left). involved in motor programming for speech production

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8
Q

what is wernicke’s area?

A

on posterior portion of superior temple, Jairus in the hemisphere, those dominant for language (usually left) involved in the ability to understand and produce meaningful speech

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9
Q

how many ribs are there?

A

7 true, 5 false (2 are floating)

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10
Q

a saggital cut can also be called ?

A

horizontal or axial

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11
Q

tell me about the anterior & posterier fontanelles in newborns ?

A

they close during the first 2 years of life. After 1 year they should be difficult to feel or locate because they will be so small.

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12
Q

what skeletal or metabolic disorders delay the closure of the anterior & posterior fontanelles in nerborns?

A

Hydrocelphalus & trisomies (presence of an extra chromosome) like down syndrome

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13
Q

portions of the foramen lacerum are blocked by ?

A

fibrocartilage

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14
Q

does the carotid canal pass through the foramen lacerum

A
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15
Q

what are the 4 divisions of the temporal bone ?

A

squamous, mastoid, petrous, & tympanic

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16
Q

CN I name & function?

A

Cranial Nerve 1
Olfactory bulb & nerve
Function : Smell

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17
Q

CN II name & function?

A

Cranial Nerve 2
Optic (nerve,chiasm,& tract) nerve
Function : vision

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18
Q

CN III name & function?

A

Cranial nerve 3
Oculomotor Nerve
Function : eye movement (elevation & adduction)

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19
Q

CN IV name & function?

A

Cranial Nerve 4
Trocchlear nerve
Function : eye movement (depession of adducted eye)

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20
Q

CN V name & function?

A

Cranial Nerve 5
Trigeminal Nerve
Function : facial sensation - contributes to smell for noxious/painful irritants, sensory, muscle spindles & mechanoreceptors, mastication

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21
Q

CN VI name & function?

A

Cranial nerve 6
Abducens Nerve
Function : eye movement - abduction

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22
Q

CN VII name & function?

A

Cranial Nerve 7
Facial Nerve
Function : facial expressions, taste buds of tongue & palate, salivation, lacrimation

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23
Q

CN VIII name & function?

A

Cranial Nerve 8
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Function : balance & hearing

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24
Q

CN IX name & function?

A

Cranial Nerve 9
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Function : taste & innervation of pharnyx

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25
CN X name & function?
Cranial Nerve 10 Vagus Nerve Function : swallowing & talking, cardiac & GI tract & respiration, & taste
26
CN XI name & function?
Cranial Nerve 11 Spinal Accessory Nerve Function : pharynx & larnyx muscles, neck & shoulder movement
27
CN XII name & function?
Cranial Nerve 12 Hypoglossal Nerve Function : tongue movement
28
What are the lobes of the brain?
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula, limbic
29
Tell me about the internal auditory canal anatomy
Cranial Nerve 7 is on top which is the facial nerve. Cranial nerve 8 is on the bottom which is the Vestibucochlear nerve. (7up, Coke down)
30
what are the cranial bones? how many are there of each?
1 frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, 1 occipital, 1 ethmoid, 1 sphenoid
31
what are the facial bones? how many are there of each?
2 nasal, 1 mandible, 2 maxilla, 1 vomer, 2 zygomatic, 2 lacrimal, 2 nasal conchae, 2 palatine
32
what are the ear ossicles? how many are there of each?
2 malleus, 2 incus, and 2 stapes
33
how many hyoid bones are there?
1
34
what are the spinal column bones? how many are there of each?
7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar, 1 sacrum(5 fused), and 1 coccyx (4 fused)
35
what are the bones in the sternum?
manubrium, gladiolus, and xiphoid process
36
what are the bones in the shoulder girdle?
clavicle & scapula
37
what are the bones in the arms ?
humerus, ulna, and radius
38
what are the bones in the hands and how many in each hand?
8 carpels in each hand, 5 metacarpels in each hand, & 14 phalanges in each hand
39
what are the bones in the pelvic girdle?
2 hipbones
40
what are the bones in the legs ?
Femur, fibia (fine), tibia (thick)
41
which forarm bone is on the outside when your thumb is facing away from your body?
your radius, remember you take someones radial pulse on the outside of their arm
42
what are the bones in the feet & how many in each foot?
7 tarsels in each foot, 5 metatarsels in each foot, and 14 phalanges in each foot
43
what type of slice is needed to see the limbic lobe?
midsaggital
44
what's lacrimation?
the flow of tears
45
how do you see the insula lobe?
pull down on the temporal lobe and up on the frontal and parietal lobes
46
Tell me about the Schwabach Test ?
Compare patient's BC to normal hearing with tuning fork on the patient's mastoid process (assumes normal hearing for the examiner). NORMAL : patient hears the tone as long as the examiner CONDUCTIVE : Patient hears tone as long or longer than the examiner SENSORINEURAL : Patient hears the tone for a shorter time that examiner
47
Tell me about the Rinne Test ?
Compare patient's AC to BC. Alternating the tuning fork between mastoid & ear opening. Common method is to place the tuning fork on the mastoid and ask the patients to report when the sound is gone, then move the tuning fork to present at the ear canal opening without tapping the fork again and see if they soft sound that was "gone" can be heard at the ear canal. NORMAL : louder at ear (AC) written as AC>BC or a positive Rinne CONDUCTIVE : louder on mastoid (BC) written as ACBC would indicate the loss is SNHL rather than conductive
48
Tell me about the Bing Test ?
Determine presence or absense of the occulsion effect. Tuning fork on mastoid with ear canal open then occluded with finger or pushing tragus to cover the opening. NORMAL : tone is louder when EAC (external auditory canal) is occcluded with finger CONDUCTIVE : Tone does not sound louder when ear is occluded SENSORINEURAL : Tone sounds louder when EAC is occluded - same as normal
49
Tell me about the Weber Test ?
Used to determine conductive vs. sensorineaural hearing loss in unilateral cases. Tuning fork is placed in the middle of forehead. NORMAL : Tone heard equally as loud in both ears (this could also indicate hearing loss that is the same between both ears) CONDUCTIVE : tone is louder in poorer ear
50
Which 2 tuning fork tests are the most common?
Weber & Rinne
51
What frequency tuning forks can be used for TF Tests?
Low frequency : 256 Hz, 512 Hz, or 1024 Hz
52
atlas
first vertebrae
53
axis
second vertebrae
54
tell me about the sphenoid bone ?
greater wing in front of temporal bone. Spans within the skull and looks like a pair or wings
55
tell me about the ethmoid bone
in front of sphenoid bone. near the eye duct
56
what is the mastoid process ?
bigger process between occipital and temporal bone
57
what is the foramen magnum?
middle/posterior central hole for spinal cord
58
where is the jugular foramen?
lateral to the foramen magnum. below ridge
59
where is the superior orbital fissure?
posterior side of the sphenoid bone
60
tell me about the posterior cranial fossa
in the posterior of the skull, where the cerebellum fits into
61
tell me about the middle cranial fossa
area within the middle where the temporal lobes can sit
62
tell me about the anterior cranial fossa
front section of the skull where the frontal and occipital structures can sit it
63
where is the optic canal?
bottom medial part of the sphenoid bone
64
where is the foramen ovale ?
oval shaped hole inferior to the sphenoid bone
65
foramen spinosum
lateral hole to the foramen ovale. smaller in size
66
what is the clivis?
“slide” anterior to the foramen magnum
67
what is the tympanic area ?
area for anything auditory
68
what is your clavicle ?
collarbone
69
what is your scapula ?
shoulder blade
70
The sternum is also referred to as ?
the breast bone
71
precentral gyrus
M1
72
postcentral gyrus
S1
73
what structures are part of the brainstem ?
midbrain, pons, medulla.
74
what's the purpose of the round window?
membrane between the middle and inner ear that equalizes pressure in the inner ear
75
what's the purpose of the malleus?
relay vibrations of the incoming soundwaves produced by the eardrum to the incus
76
what are the 4 quadrants of the tympanic membrane ?
posterior superior, posterior inferior, anterior superior, and anterior inferior
77
what are the parts of the malleus ?
facet of malleus, long crus, lenticular process, body, and short crus
78
what are the parts of the stapes?
head, neck, posterior crus, anterior crus, and stapes footplate
79
what are the parts of the incus?
head, facet for incus, neck, manubrium, anterior process, and lateral process

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