Anatomy Quiz 2 Flashcards
(208 cards)
1
Q
What muscle is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve?
A
Gluteus Maximus
2
Q
What are the three bony points of origin, two ligamental points of origin and two points of insertion for the Gluteus Maximus?
A
Origin points: • Posterior surface of the ilium • Posterior surface of the sacrum • Coccyx • Dorsal sacroiliac ligament • Sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion points:
• Iliotibial Tract
• Gluteal Tuberosity
3
Q
What direction do the fibers of the gluteus maximus run?
A
Lateral and inferior
4
Q
What are the two main functions of the gluteus maximus?
A
- Extension of the thigh at the hip joint
* Lateral rotation of the thigh
5
Q
What additional function can the upper fibers of gluteus maximus carry out?
A
Thigh abduction
6
Q
When working with tensor fascia lata the gluteus maximus can assist with ____ .
A
Knee stabilization
7
Q
Where is the adductor tubercle located?
A
On the medial epicondyle of the femur
8
Q
What muscle inserts onto the adductor tubercle which also inserts onto the gluteal tuberosity and linea aspera?
A
Adductor magnus
9
Q
Where is adductor magnus located in respect to pectineus, adductor longus and adductor brevis?
A
Adductor magnus is deep (to all three).
10
Q
What are the three points of origin for adductor magnus?
A
Origin
• Inferior pubic ramus
• Ramus of the Ischium
• Ischial tuberosity [hamstring part]
11
Q
What are the functions of adductor magnus? *Remember* • The whole muscle has one main function • The upper part has two functions • The lower part has one function
A
- Whole muscle adducts
- Upper part assists in flexion and medial rotation of the thigh
- Lower part extends the thigh [the hamstring part of adductor magnus]
12
Q
What innervates adductor magnus?
A
The sciatic nerve
13
Q
After a lesion of C5 and C6 that form the upper trunk, which of the following muscles would be weakened or paralyzed due to damage? A. Supraspinatus B. Deltoid C. Teres minor D. a, b, and c E. a and b
A
D. a, b and c
• supraspinatus (from suprascapular nerve)
• deltoid and teres minor (from axillary nerve)
14
Q
Most of the muscles that originate from the pubic bone of the hip bone are the muscles in the ____ compartment of the thigh?
A
Medial
15
Q
If the gluteus medius and minimus muscles are paralyzed on one side of the pelvis due to injury to the _______ then the pelvis will drop or sag to the _______ when standing on the lower extremity that is affected.
A
- Superior gluteal nerve
- opposite side
(when walking, this problem is called the Trendelenburg/gluteus medius gate)
16
Q
What muscle lies mostly anterior to gluteus maximus, and posterior to tensor fascia lata?
A
Gluteus medius
17
Q
What are the two points of origin and (1) insertion point of the gluteus medius?
A
Origin • Upper lateral surface of the illium • gluteal aponeurosis (which overlies the muscle) Insertion • greater trochanter of the femur
18
Q
What are the two main functions of gluteus medius?
A
- Strong abduction of the thigh
* medial rotation of the thigh
19
Q
What ligament closes the gap, to complete the rim of the acetabulum at the acetabular notch on the inferior side?
A
Transverse acetabular ligament
20
Q
The acetabular ligament bridges the acetabular notch to give attachment to the ___________.
A
Ligamentum capitis femoris
21
Q
What are the two main parts of the acetabulum?
A
- Semilunar [lunate] articular portion covered with hyaline cartilage
- Deep central fossa that is filled with the fat pad
22
Q
When weight-bearing on the lower extremity, there is a small degree of rotation that takes place at the knee joint when moving from full extension into the first few degrees of flexion. This knee rotation occurs as a result of popliteus contracting to rotate the ________bone in the _______ direction.
A
- Femur
* Lateral
23
Q
Your patient has been referred to your clinic for evaluation and treatment following a bicycle accident. She complains of difficulty raising her left arm above her head in both the coronal and median planes. In completing your assessment, you observed that along with the difficulty in moving her arm, she has atrophy of the deltoid muscle and loss of sensation of the lateral aspect of her shoulder. You suspect that she has injured her ___________.
A
Axillary nerve
24
Q
Another patient is referred to you with sensory loss on the medial side of the hand and weakness of extrinsic hand muscles, you decide she has a condition often referred to as Cyclist’s Palsy, which is caused by compression of what nerve?
A
Ulnar nerve
25
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There are three tendons that blend together as one flat tendon, forming the pes anserinus, attaching to the medial side of the tibia. The tendon of __________ is not part of the pes anserinus.
A. Sartorius
B. Semitendinosus
C. Gracilis
D. Semimembranosus
```
D. Semimembranosis
26
What muscle of the posterior thigh is located on the posteromedial side of the thigh, anterior to semitendinosus, arises by a long wide tendon from the ischial tuberosity, and inserts onto the posterior medial aspect of the medial tibial condyle?
Semimembranosis
27
What muscle, that originates from the ischial tuberosity and inserts as part of the pes anserinus, is notable for its long tendon on the posteromedial side of the thigh?
Semitendinosus
28
Where do all the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh originate? (with one small exception)
Ischial tuberosity (except the short head of biceps femoris)
29
What innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
The sciatic nerve
30
What are the two major functions of the muscles of the hamstring?
Functions
• Extending the thigh at the hip joint
• Flexing the leg at the knee joint
31
What hamstring muscle is located on the posterolateral side of the thigh?
Biceps femoris
32
What are the two points of origin, and the insertion of the biceps femoris?
Origins
• [Long head] Ischial tuberosity
• [Short head] Lateral lip of the linea aspera
Insertion
• Head of the fibula with ligamentous extensions to the lateral tibial condyle
33
Arnie was injured at work. He works for a chicken-processing factory and he had his right hand and forearm caught in one of the machines on the assembly line. As a result, he severed one of the nerves in his forearm. On assessment, you observed that he has weak wrist extension and weak thumb abduction. He is unable to actively extend his thumb and index finger. On muscle testing, you cannot elicit a contraction from extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi or extensory carpi ulnaris. He does not have any sensory deficits. You suspect that he as injured his _________ at the level of the __________.
A.Deep radial nerve distal forearm
B.Radial nerve mid-shaft of the humerus
C.Radial nerve lateral to the elbow joint
D.Superficial radial nerve proximal forearm
E.Deep radial nerve proximal forearm
E. Deep radial nerve at the proximal forearm
34
The semimembranosis and semitendinosus mucles can rotate the thigh and the leg in the ___ direction.
Medial
35
As a result of the medial rotation of the lower extremity during development, the flexor muscles are located ___ in the lower extremity.
Posterior
36
"Claw hand" in the case of injury to the ulnar nerve, happens due to _____.
Unopposed action of the long finger extensors and flexors.
37
With respect to the contents of the femoral triangle, from lateral to medial, which of the following is the correct order of the structures in the triangle?
* Femoral nerve
* Femoral artery
* Femoral vein
38
The femoral triangle has boundaries
| name the superior, lateral, and medial boundaries.
* Superior: Inguinal ligament
* Lateral: Sartorius
* Medial: Adductor longus
39
What three muscles compose the floor of the femoral triangle?(list from lateral to medial)
Iliopsoas, pectineus, adductor longus
40
What drains into the femoral vein?
The great saphenous vein
41
What are two names for the femoral artery before and at the knee joint?
* External iliac artery
| * Popliteal artery
42
What are the two main branches off the profunda femoris artery?
* Medial circumflex femoral artery
| * Lateral circumflex femoral artery
43
What branch of the profunda femoris artery passes medial and backwards between iliopsoas and pectineus muscles to supply blood for the head of the femur?
Medial circumflex femoral artery
44
What branch of the profunda femoris artery passes laterally deep to Sartorius and rectus femoris muscles?
Lateral circumflex femoral artery
45
The femoral sheath along the upper part of the blood vessels is subdivided into three compartments the most medial compartment is the site of femoral hernias, it is the _____.
Femoral canal
46
What is the name for the canal that extends from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus, which contains femoral blood vessels and the saphenous nerve?
The adductor canal
47
Name the lateral, medial and superficial boundaries of the adductor canal.
* Anterior lateral: Vastus medialis
* Posterior medial: Adductor longus
* Superficial: Sartorius
48
What is the name for the opening in the insertion of adductor magnus, that is considered the landmark at which the femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery, and the popliteal vein acends to become the femoral vein?
The adductor hiatus
49
Mr. Chapman is suddenly unable to actively flex the interphalangeal [IP] joint of his thumb. On further assessment, it is noted that he demonstrates weakened pronation of the forearm. He does not have any loss of skin sensation. You suspect he has an injury to his _________.
A.Radial nerve
B.Deep radial [posterior interosseous] nerve
C.Median nerve
D.Superficial radial nerve
E.Anterior interosseous nerve
Anterior interosseus nerve
50
If the spinal nerves/roots contributing to the formation of the brachial plexus are from C4 to C8 it is called ____.
Prefixed brachial plexus
51
If the spinal nerves/roots contributing to the formation of the brachial plexus are from C6 to T2 it is called ____.
Post-fixed brachial plexus
52
What nerve has contributions from C5, C6 and C7?
Musculocutaneous Nerve
53
What nerve has contributions from C6, C7, C8, T1 and sometimes C5?
Median Nerve
54
What nerve comes from the branches of C8 and T1 and sometimes includes C7?
Ulnar Nerve
55
What nerve comes from C5 and C6?
Axillary Nerve
56
What nerve comes from C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1?
Radial Nerve
57
What is the name for nerves that arise above the axilla region?
Supraclavicular Nerves
58
From what spinal nerve does the dorsal scapular nerve arise?
C5 Spinal Nerve
59
What spinal nerves give rise to the long thoracic nerve?
C5, C6, C7
60
From what trunk and spinal nerves does the suprascapular nerve arise?
Upper Trunk, C5 and C6
61
What four nerves are considered infraclavicular nerves?
* Lateral pectoral nerve (C5,C6,C7)
* Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
* Medial brachial nerve (C8, T1)
* Antebrachial cutaneous nerves (C8, T1)
62
Name the three subscapular nerves and what dorsal roots they originate from.
* Upper subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
* Middle subscapular [thoracodorsal] nerve (C6, C7, C8)
* Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)
63
True or False: a nerve must contain nerve fibers from all the ventral rami that contribute to the cord of the brachial plexus from which it came.
False, for example the axillary nerve comes from the posterior cord, but it only incorporates nerve fibers, from C5 and C6.
64
Where are the scalene muscles?
The muscles of the lateral upper neck
65
What is the spinal nerve root is responsible for innervation of the the deltoid?
C5
66
What is the spinal nerve root that goes on to innervate the biceps brachii and brachioradialis?
* Biceps brachii C5/C6
| * Brachioradialis c6
67
What is the nerve root associated with the triceps brachii?
C7
68
What nerve root is associated with the radial wrist extensor- extensor carpi radialis longus?
C6
69
What are the two main nerve roots responsible for the intrinsic hand muscles? (the first dorsal interosseus, abductor pollicis brevis, abductor digiti minimi)
C8 and T1
70
If there is a spinal cord injury below T2 what arm motions will remain intact?
All arm motions occur from innervation above T2, so all arm motions would remain intact.
71
What disorder involving a lesion to the upper spinal nerves, C5 and C6, can be the result of a traumatic fall in adults, or an abromal child birth where the newborn's head and neck are pulled to one side at the same time that the shoulders pass through the birth canal?
Erb's Palsy
72
What nerves are affected significantly by Erb's Palsy?
* Axillary nerve
* Suprascapular nerve
* Musculocutaneous nerve
could also affect dorsal scapular nerve and long thoracic nerve depending on location of lesion
73
What disorder is paired with signs such as loss of sensation in the lateral side of the arm, weakness or paralysis (with possible atrophy) of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoid, teres minor, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachilalis? and how would this disorder present in the upper extremity?
Erb's palsy: the arm hangs down by the side, medially rotated with the forearm extended and pronated, the waiter's tip position.
74
What disorder involves the lower roots of the plexus C8 and T1 and can be caused by traumatic injury, traumatic birthing process, or even by pulling up to hard on a child's arm?
Klumpke's palsy
75
How does Klumpke's palsy present in an individual?
"Claw hand" and weakness /paralysis of the intrinsic hand muscles, wrist and finger flexors.
76
The greater sciatic notch is converted into the greater sciatic foramen by addition of the _____.
Sacrospinous ligament
77
What is the origin and insertion of the sacrospinous ligament?
Origin
• Sacrum and coccyx
Insertion
• Ischial spine
78
What ligament forms the lower boundary for the lesser sciatic notch/foramen by passing between the sacrum/coccyx and the ischial tuberosity?
Sacrotuberous ligament
79
What joints are formed between the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and ilium on each side?
Sacroiliac joints
80
How are the ligaments preventing movements at the SI joints organized?
* Thin anterior SI ligaments lie on the ventral side
* Interosseus ligaments are between the bones, and deep to the anterior ligaments
* Short and Long posterior ligaments reinforce the posterior part of the joint.
81
```
Which one of the following muscles can externally rotate the hip?
A. Adductor longus
B. Iliopsoas
C. Gracilis
D. Rectus femoris
```
B. Iliopsoas
82
What are the main functions of iliopsoas?
Iliopsoas is a STRONG flexor of the thigh, and can assist in adduction and some lateral rotation.
83
What are the two muscles of iliopsoas, and where is their common insertion point?
Psoas major and iliacus, insert onto the lesser trochanter
84
What are the points of origin for psoas major and iliacus?
* Psoas major arises from the lumbar vertebrae
| * iliacus arises from the iliac crest, fossa, and upper lateral sacrum and associated ligaments
85
What innervates the muscles of iliopsoas?
Branches from the lumbar plexus, femoral nerve
86
What are the four muscles of the quadriceps femoris?
* Rectus femoris
* Vastis lateralis
* Vastis intermedius
* Vastis medialis
87
Where do the four muslces of the quadriceps originate?
Lateral and medial lips of the linea aspera, the sides and anterior shaft of the femur
(vastis lateralis has an additional origin from the greater trochanter)
88
Where do the muscles of the quadriceps insert?
* Rectus femoris inserts onto the patellar tendon
| * V Lateralis, Intermedialis, and Medialis insert onto the edges of the patella, and tuberosity of the tibia.
89
```
With paralysis of the quadriceps femoris, a patient may be able to maintain knee extension due to the actions of __________, which inserts into the iliotibial tract/band.
A. Tensor fascia lata
B. Gluteus medius
C. Gluteus maximus
D. A and B
E. A and C
```
E. the tensor fascia lata and gluteus maximus
90
Mr. Patient was involved in an accident at work in which he severed the ulnar nerve at the level of the wrist joint. You would expect to see loss of sensation involving the ___________.
A. Lateral part of the palm of the hand including part of his thumb, index and middle fingers, on the anterior side
B. Medial part of his hand on both the anterior and posterior side, including the little finger and part of the ring finger
C. Posterior aspect of his hand on the lateral side including posterior thumb, index and middle fingers
D. A and B
B. At the level of the wrist joint, severing the ulnar nerve would cause loss of sensation involving the medial part of the hand on both the anterior and posterior side including the little finger and part of the ring finger.
91
The ________ is located between adductor longus and adductor brevis muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh.
A. Anterior division of the obturator nerve
B. Femoral nerve
C. Profunda femoris artery
D. Greater saphenous vein
E. Posterior division of the obturator nerve
A. Anterior division of the obturator nerve
92
What spinal nerves form the obturator nerve?
L2, L3 and L4
93
Where is the anterior division of the obturator nerve located?
Anterior to adductor brevis, but posterior to adductor longus
94
Where is the posterior division of the obturator nerve located?
Anterior to adductor longus, but posterior to adductor brevis.
95
What is the motor nerve in the medial thigh muscles?
Obturator nerve
96
The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body. Which of the following groups of muscles do the major branches of the sciatic nerve NOT innervate?
A. The muscles in the anterior thigh
B. The muscles in the posterior thigh
C. The muscles of the leg
A. the muscles of the anterior thigh, since the sciatic nerve runs down the back of the thigh
97
The femoral nerve is formed by what three levels of spinal roots?
L2, L3 and L4
98
What thigh muscles are controlled by the femoral nerve?
Anterior thigh muscles
99
To what side of the knee does the saphenous branch of the femoral artery pass?
Medial side of the knee
100
What muscle arises from the superior pubic ramus, and inserts onto the femur at the pectineal line and the upper part of the linea asperal below the lesser trochanter?
Pectineus
101
The femoral nerve, obturator nerve or accessory obturator nerve MAY help innervate what muscle?
Pectineus
102
What are the functions of pectineus?
* Thigh adduction
| * Flexion of the thigh
103
What muscle arises from the anterior surface of the body of the pubic bone inferior to the pubic tubercle and inserts onto the shaft of the femur at the middle third of the medial lip of the linea aspera?
Adductor longus
104
What are the functions of adductor longus?
* Adduction of the thigh
* Flexion of the thigh
* Helps with medial rotation of the thigh
105
```
Which one of the following muscles of the thigh inserts onto the groove on the posterior aspect of the medial condyle of the tibia?
A. Semitendinosus
B. Semimembranosus
C. Biceps femoris
D. Gracilis
E. Adductor magnus
```
B. Semimembranosis
106
Where is the fovea capitis femoris depression located?
On the head of the femur
107
The ramus of the ____ joins with the ____ of the pubic bone to form the obturator foramen
Ischium, inferior ramus
108
Iliopsoas and ________ work together to laterally rotate the thigh at the hip joint.
Obturator externus
109
True or False: The femoral artery continues as the popliteal artery.
True
110
The great saphenous vein drains into the ____.
Femoral vein
111
```
Which of the following places is not an attachment point for fascia lata?
A. Iliac crest
B. Sacrum
C. Coccyx
D. Sacrotuberous Ligament
E. Ischial tuberosity
F. Ischiopubic ramus
G. all of the above are attachment points
```
G. All of the above!!!
112
The fascia lata is thickened on the lateral side to form the ____.
Iliotibial tract
113
What are the proximal and distal points of attachment for the iliotibial tract?
Proximal: iliac crest in the region of the iliac tubercle
Distal: Lateral tubercle of the lateral condyle of the tibia(Gerdy's tubercle)
114
What is the major action of tensor fascia lata?
Abduction
| also stability during hip extension, and can aid in lateral rotation
115
The tensor fascia lata forms ___ compartments of the thigh by sending medial and lateral intermuscular septa to the femur, attached to the linea aspera.
Three compartments: anterior, posterior and medial
116
The fascia lata circles the thigh and is continuous with the fascia of the leg which is called ___ fascia.
Crural
117
The reinforcement by tendons and strength of the deep fascia (lata) is good for circulation by contributing to ___.
Venous blood return to the heart.
118
The ramus of the ________ joins with the _________ of the pubic bone to form the obturator foramen.
ischium, inferior ramus
119
The ilium is the __ part of the hip bone.
Superior
120
The iliac crest is described as having internal and external lips extending between which two iliac spines?
Anterior superior iliac spine and Posterior superior iliac spine
121
What joint occurs at the auricular surface?
The sacroiliac joint
122
What important pelvic landmark lies just below the Posterior Inferior iliac spine?
Great sciatic notch
123
Which pelvic bone forms the lower posterior 2/3 of the acetabulm?
The ischium
124
The blunt apex of the ischium is called the ____, which we use to ___.
Ischial tuberosity, sit on.
125
The ischial spines are blunt protrusions that project ___ and ___.
Posteriorly and medially
126
The notch just below the ischial spines is the ___.
Lesser sciatic notch
127
Iliopsoas and ________ work together to laterally rotate the thigh at the hip joint.
Obturator externus
128
Which is the most common direction of dislocation of the shoulder?
Anterior/inferior
129
__________ functions to extend the hip joint when climbing upstairs.
Gluteus maximus
130
```
Which of the following muscles does NOT insert onto the medial side of the greater trochanter of the femur?
A. Quadratus femoris
B. Obturator internus
C. Obturator externis
D. Superior and inferior gemelli
```
A. Quadratus femoris
131
```
Which of the following muscles does not insert onto the posterior lateral side of the greater trochanter?
A. Gluteus Maximus
B. Gluteus Medius
C. Gluteus minimus
D. Piriformis
```
A. Gluteus Maximus
132
The tibial side of the sciatic nerve is ________ to the common peroneal side.
Medial
133
Your patient comes to your clinic complaining of tingling and numbness along the medial border of the hand. On muscle testing, you observe that she has normal wrist flexion, abduction, and adduction. She has decresed sensation to touch on the medial border of her palm and little finger is also affected. She demonstrates weakness of abduction and flexion of the little finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint. You suspect that she has injured her _____ nerve at the level of the ___ joint.
Ulnar (nerve)
| (at the level of the) wrist joint
134
What is the name for the area between the iliac crest and the greater trochanter of the femur?
The hip
135
The highest point on the iliac crest is directly lateral from what level of lumbar spine?
L4
136
What major ligament attaches to the pubic tubercle?
Inguinal ligament
137
What is the lateral attachment point of the inguinal ligament?
Anterior superior iliac spine
138
What ligament is considered the lower free edge of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle?
Inguinal ligament
139
What is the anterior point of articulation between the ossa coxae?
Pubic symphysis
140
Which is more anterior: the ischium or the pubis?
The pubis
141
The pubic crest is anterior and extends ____ at the pubid tubercle
Laterally
142
The symphyseal surface of the body of the pubis bone is covered with hyaline cartilage and articulates with ______.
The other pubis bone.
143
What is the longest and strongest bone in the body?
The femur
144
What is the name for the depression in the center of the head of the femur?
The fovea capitus femoris
145
What is the typical angle of inclination where the neck of the femur connects the head to the shaft?
125° +/-
146
What is the term for an increased angle of inclination?
Coxa valga
147
What is the term for a decreased angle of inclination?
Coxa vara
148
The intertrochanteric _____ is found on the anterior side of the femur, and the intertrochanteric ___ is found on the posterior side.
* Line - anterior
| * Crest - posterior
149
The trochanteric fossa is located on the ___ side of the greater trochanter.
Medial
150
The quadrate tubercle is located in the middle of the intertrochanteric _____.
Crest (posterior)
151
What is the name for the thickend, posterior longitudinal ridge of the femur?
Linea aspera
152
What are the two halves of the linea aspera named?
Medial lip and lateral lip
153
Where is the gluteal tuberosity located in respect to the lips of the linea aspera?
At the superior end of the lateral lip of the linea aspera
154
What is the name for the line found on the superior part of the medial lip of the linea aspera?
Pectineal line
155
Technically, the shaft of the femur is twisted, so there is a 15° angle formed between the head and neck to the femoral condyles. What is the name for this angle?
The angle of torsion
156
What in direction is the angle of torsion?
Medial
157
What is the name for the roughened surfaces of the condyles of the femur?
Epicondyles
158
At what part of the femur is the bone widest?
At the distal end between the condyles
159
The adductor tubercle lies just superior to which epicondyle?
Medial epicondyle
160
What is the name for the surface behind the knee joint?
Popliteal surface
161
What's the difference between the words Perineal and Peroneal?
Perineal is in BETWEEN the legs. (private parts)
Peroneal is ON the leg. (such as the peroneal nerve)
;)
162
The ___ are found in the popliteal fossa?
* Popliteal artery
* Popliteal vein
* Tibial nerve
* Common peroneal nerve (fibular nerve)
163
The popliteal fossa is a ___ shaped space found where?
* diamond
| * behind the knee
164
What are the inferior boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
Lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius
165
What are the superolateral and superomedial boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
* The biceps femoris - superolateral border
| * Semimembranosis and semitendinosis superomedial border
166
The superficial surface of the popliteal fossa is the popliteal fascia, which is a reinforced part of the _______.
Fascia lata
167
The ilotibial band inserts onto the _____.
Lateral tibial condyle
168
Adductor longus originates from the ___ and pectineus originates from ____.
* Body of the pubic bone
| * Superior pubic ramus
169
Adductor brevis arises from the ___ and inserts just behind the insertion of adductor ____.
* Inferior pubic ramus
| * Longus
170
During the development of the upper and lower extremities, the limbs rotate 90° in either the medial or lateral direction. The upper extremities are rotated ____ while the lower extremities are rotated ____.
* Lateral
| * Medial
171
The rectus femoris and sartorius are both innervated by the ___ nerve.
Femoral
172
The articulation at the elbow between the radial head and the capitulum is the ___ joint.
Humeroradial
173
What is the name for the joint at the elbow that functions as a pivot joint, connected by the annular ligament?
Proximal radioulnar joint
174
The articulation at the elbow between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna is the ___ joint.
Humeroulnar joint
175
The medial side of the elbow joint has the ____ ligament.
Ulnar collateral ligament
176
The ulnar collateral ligament arises from the medial epicondyle and attaches distally to the ___ and the___.
Coronoid process and the olecranon.
177
The anterior part of the ulnar collateral ligament is the strongest and most important part of the ligament for what purpose?
The anterior part stabilizes the forearm against forced abduction and hyperextension.
178
The radial collateral ligament extends from the lateral epicondyle to the _____.
annular ligament.
179
What is the purpose of the annular ligament?
Reinforcing the proximal radioulnar joint
180
What is the typical range of the carrying angle at the elbow?
5°-19°
181
What adaptive maneuver may people with extremely wide carrying angles do to carry objects closer to the body (such as a bucket of water).
Pronate the forearm to bring it closer to the side of the body.
182
On which side of the body is one's carrying angle typically greater?
the dominant limb.
183
What is the common name for subcutaneous olecranon bursitis?
" student's elbow "
184
What two nerve lesions can cause "claw hand"?
Median and ulnar nerve lesions
185
At what point in the wrist is the ulnar nerve compressed in the condition of cyclist's palsy?
At the hook of the Hamate
186
When an adult sustains an injury causing Erb's palsy, their head and neck have been violently flexed to one shoulder, damaging the nerves on what side?
The nerves are injured on the opposing side to the direction the neck has been forced.
187
True or False: The sternoclavicular joint presents the movements of elevation, depression, protraction, retraction and rotation.
True
188
Below the spine of the ischium is where the ___ is immediately located.
Lesser sciatic notch
189
The vasti muscles of the quadriceps collectively have one major function which is to ____.
Extend the knee joint
190
The sciatic nerve emerges from the pelvis ___.
A. superior to the inferior gemellus muscle
B. Superior to piriformis
C. Inferior to the gluteal muscle
D. Inferior to the piriformis
D. Inferior to piriformis
191
Your patient will have difficulties going up the stairs to his house if he has injured his ___ resulting in weakness of his gluteus maximus.
Inferior gluteal nerve
192
Sartorious originates from the ___ and the straight head of rectus femoris originates from ______
* Anterior superior iliac spine
| * Anterior inferior iliac spine
193
What is the most common direction of dislocation of the shoulder/glenohumeral joint?
Anterior/inferior
194
What muscle inserts onto both the shaft of the femur and the adductor tubercle on the medial epicondyle?
Adductor magnus
195
Adductor brevis is innervated by ___ and tensor fascia latae is innervated by _____,
* Obturator nerve
| * Superior gluteal nerve
196
Semimembranosus inserts onto the ____ side of the tibia and biceps femoris inserts partly onto the the ___ side of the tibia.
* Medial
| * Lateral
197
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Which of the following ligaments is a major part of the shoulder?
A. acromioclavicular
B. Coracoclavicular
C. Superior glenohumeral
D. Coracoacromial
```
C. coracoacromial
198
The ___ forms the posterior lower two thirds of the acetabulm.
Body of the ischium
199
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Which of the following muscles can adduct the thigh at the hip joint?
A. Gluteus maximus
B. Adductor magnus
C. Quadratus femoris
D. Obturator externus
```
B. Quadratus Femoris
200
The arterial supply to the muscles of the posterior thigh are from the perforating branches of the ___.
Profunda femoris artery
201
On the posterior side of the distal end of the femur, the space between the surfaces of the femoral condyles is called the ____.
Intercondylar Fossa
202
What motions occur at the radiocarpal joint?
Flexion and Extension, Radial and Ulnar deviation
203
Semitendinosis is innervated by ____.
The sciatic nerve
204
The fovea capitis femoris is a depression located _____.
On the head of the femur.
205
What are the two main anatomical structures that insert onto the iliotibial tract?
Tensor Fascia lata; gluteus maximus
206
General actions of the muscles located in the medial thigh include:___ &____
* Adduction of the thigh
| * Flexion of the thigh
207
Which of the following statements is true regarding the iliotibial tract?
A. Thickening of the fascia lata
B. Inserts onto the medial tibial condyle
C. Located on the lateral side of the leg
A. Thickening of the fascia lata
208
Biceps femoris has two heads of origin, long head from ___ and short head from ___.
* Ischial tuberosity
| * Posterior shaft of the femur
