Anatomy Quiz 2 - Sheet1 Flashcards by M J

Fibula: 4 items

head, apex, neck, lateral malleolus

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Tibia: 4 items

head, apex, neck, lateral malleolus

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Located distal and medial (just above knee). The femoral artery passes through this and becomes the popliteal artery

adductor hiatus

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Pelvis: 10 items! whew!

iliac crest, anterior and posterior superior iliac spines, ischial spine, greater and lesser sciatic notches, ischial tuberosity, acetabulum, sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

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All nerves and arteries (veins too) exit the pelvis inferior to the piriformis muscle except what?

superior gluteal neurovascular bundle

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Tarsal bones:

“Tiger Cubs Need MILC” In order (right foot, superior to inferior, medial to lateral): Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, [Cuboid], Medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, Metatarsals, Phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)

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Deltoid ligament (Medial ligament of the ankle)

The Deltoid (medial) ligament is made up of 4 parts:

Anterior tibiotalar
Tibionavcular
Tibiocalcaneal
Posterior tibiotalar

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a diamond shaped depression posterior to the knee joint; contains 1. Popliteal artery and vein (having traversed the adductor magnus muscle) 2. Common Fibular and Tibial nerves (divisions of sciatic nerve) 3. Fat and lymph nodes

Popliteal fossa

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Lateral head and medial head;

innervated by tibial nerve;

popliteal artery

Gastrocnemius muscle

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originates on the lateral side of the dorsal venous network of the foot; passes behind the lateral malleolus up the back of the leg usually to empty into the popliteal vein. Venous return generally flows from superficial veins toward deep veins.

Small saphenous vein

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located in popliteal fossa

Popliteal vein

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accompanies the small saphenous vein and is formed by the union of branches from tibial and common fibular nerve. Can be variation

Sural nerve

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division of sciatic nerve;

becomes superficial fibular and deep fibular nerve

Common fibular (peroneal) nerve

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enters the posterior compartment of the leg between the heads of the gastrocnemius. It passes through a hiatus in the soleus to gain access to the deep group of muscles deep to the transverse crural intermuscular septum. The tibial nerve divides into medial and lateral plantar nerves as it enters the sole of the foot

Tibial nerve

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In the popliteal fossa together with the common fibular and tibial nerves

Popliteal artery and vein

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surrounds the muscular compartments of the leg.

Deep fascia of the leg (crural fascia)

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attaches the gastrocnemeous muscle to the calcaneus

Calcaneal tendon

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just deep to the gastrocnemeous muscle, tibial nerve, posterior tibia artery, fibular artery, popliteal artery

Soleus muscle

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Lateral condyle of femur to calcaneous tendon. Absent in 5-10% of people. Analogous to palmaris longus. Used in tendon reconstructive surgery.

Tibial nerve

posterior tibia artery, fibular artery, popliteal artery

Plantaris muscle

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originates at Lateral Femoral Condyle and inserts in posterior tibia proximally.

tibial nerve

popliteal artery

Popliteus muscle

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separates the deep and superficial compartments of the leg

Transverse intermuscular septum

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inserts on the base of the distal phalanges of lateral four digits (just like flexor digitorum longus in the forearm);

**tibial nerve **

posterior tibial artery

remember dick, tom, and harry (medial to lateral)

Flexor digitorum longus muscle

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inserts into tarsal bones and base of metatarsals; runs along the interosseus membrane;

tibial nerve

fibular artery

Tibialis posterior muscle

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inserts on distal phalanx of great toe.

**tibial nerve **

fibular artery

Flexor halluces longus muscle

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Branch just below the popliteal fossa. Posterior looks larger on netter.

Anterior and posterior tibial artery and vein

**Branches off the posterior tibial artery** just after the branch of the posterior and anterior tibial artery

Fibular (peroneal) artery

extends from the **medial malleolus** **to the calcaneus**; the tendons of the deep flexor muscles (**Tom, Dick and Harry**) surrounded by their synovial sheaths, tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery pass deep to it behind the medial malleolus

Flexor retinaculum

**Inferior gluteal nerve** innervates it; **inferior gluteal artery**

Gluteus maximus muscle

a wedge-shaped, fat filled area on either side of the rectum. Allows distention of anal canal during defecation

Ischioanal (ischiorectal) fossa

splits to enclose the belly of the muscle, tensor fasciae latae. This muscle pulls on the thickened portion of the fascia lata overlying the vastus lateralis

Iliotibial tract

a tough fascia which forms a **sleeve around the muscles of the thigh**

Fascia lata

this bursa looks to be just **superior to the greater trochanter**

Trochanteric bursa

supplies and drains **gluteus maximus** a **branch of the internal iliac artery** in the pelvis

Inferior gluteal artery and vein

innervates only the **G. maximus**.

Inferior gluteal nerve

stabilize the pelvis and **create the greater and lesser sciatic foreamen**. more superficial one.

Sacrotuberous ligament

**superior gluteal nerve** **superior gluteal artery**

Tensor fasciae latae muscle

leave the pelvis via the **greater sciatic foramen** ** emerges below piriformis**

Sciatic nerve

combination of **posterior devision** and **anterior devision** of the sacral plexus; does NOT branch off the sciatic nerve... comes **directly from sacral plexus**

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

superior greater trochanter to anterior surface of sacrum; **ventral rami of S1 and S2** **superior and inferior gluteal arteries/pudendal artery**

Piriformis muscle

IMPT: **branches of lumbo-sacral plexus** (nerves) and **branches of internal iliac artery** leave through this to enter the gluteal region.

Greater sciatic foramen

The **superior gluteal nerve** supplies **deep branch of superior gluteal artery**

Gluteus medius muscle

**superior gluteal nerve**; **deep branch of superior gluteal artery**

Gluteus minimus muscle

leaves greater sciatic foramen **superior to piriformis**

Superior gluteal artery and vein

leaves greater sciatic foramen **superior to piriformis**; to **gluteus medius and minimus**

Superior gluteal nerve

**Pudendal Nerve** and **Internal Pudendal Vessels** (artery and vein)

Sacrospinous ligament

this nerve **leaves the greater sciatic foramen over the sacrospinous ligament**

Pudendal nerve

these vessles leave the greater sciatic foramen over the sacrospinous ligament

Internal pudendal artery and vein

**Pudendal nerve** and **vessels** enter the **Lesser Sciatic Foramen** to enter the Perineum

Lesser sciatic foramen

this muscle lies just inferior to Piriformis

Superior gemellus muscle

this muslce lies just inferior to the superior gemellus muscle and superior to the inferior gemellus muscle

obturator internus muscle

this muscle lies just inferior to the obturator internus muscle

Inferior gemellus muscle

this muscle lies just inferior to the inferior gemellus muscle and is square in shape

Quadratus femoris muscle

long head: (more superficial) supplied by the tibial portion of the sciatic nerve short head: supplied by the common fibular portion of the sciatic nerve

Biceps femoris muscle

this muscle has a more superficial; has a cord-like tendinous insertion tibial portion of sciatic nerve

Semitendinosus muscle

this muscle has a broad membranous origin; deep to semitendinosus; tibial portion of sciatic nerve

Semimembranosus muscle

this nerve supplies **all the muscles of the hamstrings** *except* for the short head of biceps femoris (common fibular nerve)

Tibial nerve

this nerve supplies the **short head of biceps femoris**

Common fibular (peroneal) nerve

branches of the **deep femoral artery**

Perforating arteries

"Tiger Cubs Need MILC" In order (right foot, superior to inferior, medial to lateral): Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, [Cuboid], Medial cuneiform, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, Metatarsals, Phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)

Tarsal bones:

joint between **talus** and **calcaneus**

Subtalar joint

two joints: **Talocalcaneonavicular** and **Calcaneocuboid** (synovial joints) amputation of the foot often occurs here

Transverse tarsal joint

Deep facia of the leg. It is continuous above with the fascia lata, and is attached around the knee to the patella, the ligamentum patellæ, the tuberosity and condyles of the tibia, and the head of the fibula.

Crural fascia

3 muscles located at the anteromedial (front and inside) surface of the proximal extremity of the tibia. **Semitendinosus**, **Sartorius**, **Gracilis**. Pes anserinus bursitis is a common finding in patients and/or athletes who present with complaints of anterior knee pain.

Pes anserinus

**Supeior**: tibia to fibula above the malleoli **Inferior**: Y-shaped, loops around fibularis tertius and extensor digitorum longus from the calcaneus

Extensor retinacula

Lies on lateral surface of the tibia. **Anterior tibial artery**. **Deep fibular nerve** (L4-L5). Foot dorsiflexion and inversion. Most **medial and superficial** dorsiflexor of anterior compartment. It is the strongest dorsiflexor but also inverts the foot because of its attachment to the medial cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal.

Tibialis anterior muscle

Originates from the middle part of the anterior fibula and the interosseous membrane. It inserts into the dorsal aspect of the distal phalanx of the great toe. **Anterior tibial artery ** **Deep fibular nerve** extends great tow and dorsiflexes ankle.

Extensor hallucis longus muscle

This muscle originates from the lateral condyle of the tibia, the interosseous membrane and the superior ¾ of the fibula. It inserts by 4 tendons into the middle and distal phalanges of 2nd through 5th toes. **Anterior tibial artery** ** Deep fibular nerve** (L5-S1).

Extensor digitorum longus muscle

Originates at distal third of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane. Inserts at dorsum of base of fifth metatarsal. **Anterior tibial artery** **Deep fibular nerve** (L5-S1)

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscle

lies on the anterior interosseous membrane. easily injured. **originates from** the *common fibular nerve*. supplies **muscle of anterior compartment of leg**

Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

Popliteal artery divides in the posterior knee into the **anterior tibial artery** and **the posterior tibial artery**

Anterior tibial artery

Intrinsic muscle of the foot. Originates from the calcaneus and its tendons attach to the long flexor tendons of four digits (EDL). Innervation by the **deep fibular nerve**. EHB attaches to the dorsal aspect of the proximal phalanx of the great toe with EHL.

Extensor digitorum brevis/Extensor hallucis brevis muscles

anterior/**superior (top) of foot**. Continuation of the **anterior tibial artery**.

Dorsalis pedis artery

originate at metatarsal bones **Lateral Plantar nerve** (superficial/deep branch)

Dorsal interossei muscles

Fibularis longus originates from the head and superior 2/3 of the fibula and inserts into the base of the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform. Eversion and weak plantarflexion. **Anterior tibial artery, fibular artery**. **Superficial fibular nerve** (L5-S2).

Fibularis (peroneus) longus muscle

fibrous bands which bind down the tendons of the Peronæi longus and brevis as they run across the lateral side of the ankle.

Fibular (peroneal) retinacula

innervates the two muscles in the lateral compartment and then supplies cutaneous innervation to dorsum of foot. Cutaneous branches on the foot become the 1st, 4th – 9th dorsal digital nerves. Dorsal digital 10 is termination of the sural nerve.

Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

inferor ligament of patella connects to **tibial tuberosity**

Patella and Patellar ligament (tendon)

aka **MCL**. It is attached proximally to the **medial epicondyle of femur** immediately below the adductor tubercle; below to the **medial condyle** **of the tibia** and medial surface of its body.

Tibial collateral ligament

from the **lateral epicondyle of the femur** above, to the **head of the fibula** below

Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

Anterior cruciate (weaker) 1. Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia (hyperextension) 2. **Attaches to tibia anteriorly** 3. Common injury in ski accidents 4. Poorer blood supply than PCL Posterior cruciate 1. Stronger of the two 2. **Attaches to the tibia** **posteriorly** 3. Tightens during flexion of the knee joint, preventing anterior displacement of femur or posterior displacement of tibia

Anterior and Posterior cruciate ligaments

MM: C-shaped and firmly adherent to the deep surface of the tibial collateral ligament LM: Circular, and separated from the fibular collateral ligament by the tendon of the popliteus muscle

Medial meniscus and Lateral meniscus

a cylindrical piece of fat that is situated under and behind the patella bone within the knee

Infrapatellar fat pad

The Deltoid (medial) ligament is made up of 4 parts: 1. **Anterior tibiotalar** 2. **Tibionavcular** 3. **Tibiocalcaneal** 4. **Posterior tibiotalar**

Deltoid ligament (Medial ligament of the ankle)

The lateral collateral ligament is made up of 3 distinct ligaments: 1. **Anterior Talofibular** --most ocmmonly injured in an ankle sprain 2. **Calcaneofibular** 3. **Posterior Talofibular**

Lateral collateral ligament

Anatomy Quiz 2 - Sheet1 Flashcards

(84 cards)