Anatomy Quiz 4

Question 1

Total lung capacity volume

Answer 1

6000ml

Question 2

Tidal Volume

Answer 2

500 ml

Question 3

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 3

3000 ml

Question 4

Functional residual capacity

Answer 4

2500 ml

Question 5

Inspiratory capacity

Answer 5

3500 ml

Question 6

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 6

1000 ml

Question 7

Residual volume

Answer 7

1500 ml

Question 8

Vital capacity

Answer 8

4500 ml

Question 9

The amount of air inhaled or exhaled on a normal breath during normal, quite respiration

Answer 9

Tidal Volume

Question 10

The additional air that can be forcefully inhaled past a normal tidal volume inspiration

Answer 10

Inspiratory reserve volume

Question 11

The additional air that can be forcefully exhaled past a normal tidal volume expiration

the maximal amount of air which can be forcefully expired following normal expiration

Answer 11

Expiratory reserve volume

Question 12

The volume of air remaining in lungs following a maximal exhalation

the maximal amount of air which remains trapped in lungs after a maximal expiratory effect

Answer 12

Residual volume

Question 13

The total amount of air that can be forcefully expired after maximum inhalation

The maximum amount of air that can be forcefully expired after a maximal inspiration

Answer 13

Vital Capacity

Question 14

Vital capacity equation

Answer 14

Vital capacity = Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume + Expiratory reserve volume

Question 15

The max amount of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration

The maximal amount of air which can be inspired after a normal expiration

Answer 15

Inspiratory capacity

Question 16

Inspiratory capacity equation

Answer 16

Inspiratory capacity = Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume

Question 17

The total amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation

The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration

Answer 17

Functional residual capacity

Question 18

Functional residual capacity equation

Answer 18

Functional residual capacity = Residual volume + expiratory reserve volume

Question 19

The total amount of air the lungs can contain

Answer 19

Total lung capacity

Question 20

Total lung capacity equation

Answer 20

Total lung capacity = Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

Question 21

Medical test used to measure the 4 lung volumes

Pulmonary test evaluates change in respiratory function

Answer 21

Spirometry

Question 22

effect lungs expandability

Answer 22

Restrictive diseases

Question 23

Lungs hyper inflate due to increase in airway restriction

Answer 23

Obstructive disease

Question 24

Spirometry uses a simple, non-invasive instrument called

Answer 24

spirometer

Question 25

Respiratory minute volume (L/min) equation

Answer 25

Respiratory minute volume = Tidal volume (mL) x Respiratory rate (breaths/min)

Question 26

Preformed to assess pulmonary function by measuring how long a person can hold their breath after a max inhalation Can identify lung issues such as COPD and asthma and monitor disease progression, as well as assess fitness levels of individuals who have healthy lungs

Answer 26

Breath holding and lung capacity

Question 27

As carbon dioxide builds up in the blood, the pH of the blood becomes more acidic common symptoms: headache, fatigue, confusion, anxiety, and tremors.

Answer 27

Respiratory acidosis

Question 28

How tidal volume can be measured

Answer 28

dry gas meter

Question 29

calculated by multiplying the total volume of air exhaled (ml) by the number of breaths taken over the collection period (in minutes)

Answer 29

Minute volume

Question 30

The body's rate of energy expenditure

Answer 30

Metabolic rate

Question 31

Metabolic rate is determined by difference in ______ and the percentage of oxygen in the exhaled air stored in the bag multiplied by minute volume (Vm)

Answer 31

percentage of oxygen in inhaled air (20.95%)

Question 32

Rate at which you obtain oxygen from the environment across the surface of the lungs

Answer 32

Ventilation

Question 33

Rate at which oxygen is delivered to the body tissue cells through the capillary walls

Answer 33

Perfusion

Question 34

balance between ventilation and perfusion

Answer 34

ventilation-perfusion coupling

Question 35

rate of oxygen consumption for the respiratory system or cardiovascular system equation

Answer 35

rate of oxygen consumption (Vo2) = (minute volume Vm)(concentration of oxygen in inhaled air (Co2i) - concentration of oxygen in exhaled air (Co2e) = cardiac output (CO)(concentration of oxygen in arterial blood(Co2a) - concentration of oxygen in venous blood (Co2v)

Question 36

Each gram of hemoglobin can bind with

Answer 36

1.34 ml of O2

Question 37

Maximum oxygen content of 100% saturated arterial blood equation

Answer 37

Co2a = average hemoglobin concentration (g Hb/100 mL blood) x 1.34 mL of O2/g Hb

Question 38

oxygen content of venous blood at rest equation

Answer 38

Co2v = 0.6 (concentration of oxygen in arterial blood)

Question 39

resting cardiac output equation

Answer 39

CO = rate of oxygen consumption (Vo2)/(concentration of oxygen in arterial blood - concentration of oxygen in venous blood)

Question 40

resting stroke volume equation

Answer 40

SV = Cardiac output/Heart rate

Question 41

stroke volume from the previous stroke volume at rest using measured changes in pulse pressure

Answer 41

Pulse Pressure resting/ Pulse Pressure exercising = Stroke Volume resting / Stroke Volume exercising

Question 42

Cardiac output during exercise equation

Answer 42

COe = stroke volume X heart rate

Question 43

oxygen content for venous blood during excerise

Answer 43

Vo2 = (Cardiac output)(concentration of oxygen in arterial blood - concentration of oxygen in venous blood

Question 44

Blood pH generally remains constant at ____ so body cells can function optimally

Answer 44

7.35-7.45

Question 45

when carbon dioxide leave the tissue and enters the blood cells it combines with water to form

Answer 45

carbonic acid

Question 46

If concentration of CO2 in blood decreases, there is a decrease in the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood causing an increase in bloods pH

Answer 46

respiratry alkalosis

Question 47

can occur until CO2 levels increase enough to meet metabolic demand

Answer 47

apnea

Question 48

Commonly heard of respiratory disorders that affect an individuals ability to breath normally

Answer 48

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and asthma

Question 49

cancer challenges

Answer 49

a. early onset cancer--> on rise b.200 + histologically different cancers c. average cancer cell ----5000 mutations ----of 500 ---------5 "driver mutations" ---------rest "passanger mutations" d. Get ride of cancer scam drugs Implies risk are correlated with birth year

Question 50

Accerlerated agining liked to cancer risks in younger adults

Answer 50

-smoking incidence has decreased -WBC counts all of which change with increasing age. -for those that scored "oldest based on chronological age had twice as many onsest lung cancer. 60% increase in GI tumors, and 80% higher risk of uterine cancer -young people appear to be agining faster than older people at that age

Question 51

Average of 5 driver mutations

Answer 51

1. Initiation (somatic cell) 2. Cancer progression (proliferating cells) 3. Evasion of cancer cell elimination (precancerous cells) 4. Tumor growth and dispersal (Tumor ; and anigogensis)

Question 52

Normal cells

Answer 52

1. dont grow in semisolid medium 2. typicaly karyotope (23 sets ; 46) 3. Normal set of micro RNAs 4. few extracellular protease 5. 10-15 micro in vivo 6. lower Nuc/cyclo ratio 7. organized cytoskeleton 8. ECM-normal 9.In vitro-single monolayer (contact inhibition-once touch = stop dividing) 10.can't generate a tumor in said mouse 11. serum dependent growth in vitro 12. secrete few growth factors 13. cell division number (25-50x--> apoptosis 14. few genetic defects 15. cell membrane permeability 17. no angiogenesis 18. normal RTK pathway 19. apoptosis is normal

Question 53

Cancer cells

Answer 53

1. grow in semisolid medium 2. Aneuploidy - cell or organism has an abnormal number of chromosomes 3. Normal set of micro RNAs 4. few extracellular protease 5. 10-15 micro in vivo 6. lower Nuc/cyclo ratio 7. organized cytoskeleton 8. ECM-normal 9.In vitro-single monolayer (contact inhibition-once touch = stop dividing) 10.can't generate a tumor in said mouse 11. serum dependent growth in vitro 12. secrete few growth factors 13. cell division number (25-50x--> apoptosis 14. few genetic defects 15. cell membrane permeability 17. no angiogenesis 18. normal RTK pathway 19. apoptosis is normal