Anatomy Reproductive System

Question 0

What is found on the posterior wall of pelvis?

Answer 0

Sacrum and coccyx

Question 1

Where are the ovaries and uterus found?

Answer 1

True pelvis (lower)

Question 2

What is found on anterior wall of pelvis?

Answer 2

2 pubic bones

Question 3

What is found on lateral walls of pelvis?

Answer 3

2 iliac wings and ischium

Question 4

What divides the true (inferior) pelvis and false (superior) pelvis?

Answer 4

Lineuterminalis (iliopectineal line)

Question 5

What muscles are found on the anterior wall of the false pelvis?

Answer 5

Paired rectus abdominus muscles

Question 6

What is found on the inferior wall of the true pelvis? 4

Answer 6

Pelvic diaphragm
Levatorani muscle
Coccygeous muscle
Perineal muscle

Question 7

Osseous ligaments attach what to what? Are they seen on ultrasound?

Answer 7

Bone to bone/ not seen

Question 8

List 4 osseous ligaments of pelvis

Answer 8

Sacroiliac
Sacrosciatic ( sacrotuberous)
Sacrococcygeal
Pubic symphysis

Question 9

Ligament that extends to lateral pelvis side walls?

Answer 9

Peritoneum ( broad ligament )

Question 10

Ligament on the back of the uterus?

Answer 10

Uterosacral lig

Question 11

Ligament that is found in the anterior aspect and inferior to the broad ligament and attaches the upper uterus to the anterior pelvic wall?

Answer 11

Round ligament

Question 12

Ligament that attaches uterus to ovary/ attaches upper lateral ligament

Answer 12

Ovarian ligament or proper ovarian ligament

Question 13

Ligament attaches ovary to posterior broad ligament ( not seen unless ascites present )

Answer 13

Mesovarian

Question 14

Suspensory ligament to ovary, attaches lateral aspect of ovary to pelvic wall, also transmits the ovarian artery, vein, and nerve to ovary

Answer 14

Infundibulopelvic lig.

Question 15

Muscle that forms anterior wall of pelvis

Answer 15

Rectus abdominus m.

Question 16

Muscle that forms posterior wall of pelvis

Answer 16

Psoas major m.

Question 17

Muscle that forms the lateral wall of pelvis

Answer 17

Iliacus m.

Question 18

Muscle that extends from the xyphoid process to pubic symphysis / responsible for refraction “ghosting” artifact occasionally seen while imaging the midline pelvis in transverse plane

Answer 18

Rectus abdominus m.

Question 19

Muscle that originates from the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebra and joins the illiacus m. in the pelvis to become iliopsoas m. ( inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur )

Answer 19

Psoas major m.

Question 20

Muscle that sits on the anterior iliac fossa/ it arises at the iliac crests and extends inferiorly to join the psoas m. to form the iliopsoas

Answer 20

Iliacus m.

Question 21

What muscle forms lateral margins of the false pelvis?

Answer 21

Illiacus m.

Question 22

The triangular muscle that is anchored along the pelvic brim

Answer 22

Obturator internus m.

Question 23

Lateral side wall of true pelvis?

Answer 23

Obturator m.

Question 24

"Turn out muscle" turns your leg out and found deep and posterior in the true pelvis

Answer 24

Piriformis m.

Question 25

What holds the pelvic organ inside?

Answer 25

Pelvic diaphragm

Question 26

3 muscles of the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 26

Levator ani m. ( anterior ) Coccygeous m. ( posterior ) Perineal m. ( outside )

Question 27

What 3 structures pass through the pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 27

Urethra ( ant.) Vagina Rectum ( post.)

Question 28

Muscle of the posterior floor of pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 28

Coccygeus m.

Question 29

Muscle of the middle and anterior floor pelvic diaphragm?

Answer 29

Levator ani m.

Question 30

Hollow musculomembranous organ

Answer 30

Urinary bladder

Question 31

What organ is located posterior to the pubic symphysis and anterior to vagina?

Answer 31

Urinary bladder

Question 32

Superior convexity of bladder is called what?

Answer 32

"Dome"

Question 33

What inserts on inferior and posterior portion of bladder?

Answer 33

Ureters

Question 34

3 layers of wall of bladder

Answer 34

1 outer epithelial ( thin ) 2 middle muscular 3 inner mucosal layer

Question 35

When can you see the folds ( rugae ) of the bladder ( sonographically )

Answer 35

When bladder is empty

Question 36

When can you not see the mucosa of the bladder?

Answer 36

When bladder is full

Question 37

What arises along the inferior and middle part of the bladder?

Answer 37

Urethra

Question 38

What is the 7-10 cm canal ( smooth muscle )

Answer 38

Vagina

Question 39

What organ extends from the external introitus to the cx?

Answer 39

Vagina

Question 40

Upper portion of the vagina surrounds the cx and forms gutters called the what?

Answer 40

Fornicies

Question 41

How many fornicies are there?

Answer 41

1 anterior fornix 2 lateral fornicies 1 posterior fornix ( usually deepest and can often see fluid in it )

Question 42

Pear shaped hollow organ

Answer 42

Uterus

Question 43

Organ located anterior to rectum and posterior to bladder

Answer 43

Uterus

Question 44

What are the three parts of the uterus?

Answer 44

Fundus ( dome/ top) Body ( main part ) Isthmus ( lower segment)

Question 45

What part of the uterus is the most flexible and grows at the most rapid rate during pregnancy?

Answer 45

Isthmus

Question 46

What is the " neck" of the uterus

Answer 46

Cervix

Question 47

What provides alkaline secretion favorable for sperm penetration for fertilization?

Answer 47

Cx

Question 48

What part of the cx continues into the uterine cavity as endometrium?

Answer 48

Endocervical canal

Question 49

What is the size of an adult uterus?

Answer 49

Cx lower1/3 | Body/ fundus upper 2/3

Question 50

Size of newborn uterus

Answer 50

Cx lower 1/2 | Body/ fundus upper 1/2

Question 51

Size of pediatric uterus?

Answer 51

Cx lower 2/3 | Body/ fundus upper 1/3

Question 52

Size of post menopause uterus?

Answer 52

Same portion as adult just smaller

Question 53

What are the layers of the uterus?

Answer 53

Perimetrium ( serosa ) outer Myometrium (middle muscular) Endometrium (inner mucous layer) Parametrium ( tissue surrounding ut)

Question 54

What layer of the uterus is part of the visceral peritoneum and becomes the broad ligament laterally, anteriorly becomes the vesicouterine pouch ( cul de sac ), and posteriorly becomes the recto uterine pouch ( pouch of Douglas)

Answer 54

Perimetrium

Question 55

What is the most dependent portion of the abdomen and pelvic cavity?

Answer 55

Pouch of Douglas

Question 56

What is the middle muscular layer of the ut that is 3 layers of smooth m. which contracts during parturition ( delivery)?

Answer 56

Myometrium

Question 57

What is the innermost layer of the myometrium that is sometime seen as a hypoechoic layer just inside the endometrium ( always seen on MRI )

Answer 57

Junctional zone

Question 58

What layer of the ut consists of a superficial functional layer and a deeper permanent basal layer?

Answer 58

Endometrium

Question 59

What layer varies in thickness during different phases of the cycle? The thickness measured w/ ut in the sagittal plane taken as double layer.

Answer 59

Endometrium

Question 60

What tissue surrounds the ut?

Answer 60

Parametrium

Question 61

What position of the ut is when there is no bend and the endometrium is straight ( forward)

Answer 61

Anteversion

Question 62

A posterior tilt or neutral position of the ut with respect to the vagina

Answer 62

Retroversion

Question 63

Bending forward at the ut body

Answer 63

Anteflexion

Question 64

Bending backward at the ut body

Answer 64

Retroflexion

Question 65

Most common positions

Answer 65

Anteverted & anteflex

Question 66

Solid, paired, oval organ suspended in the pelvic peritoneum, posterior to broad ligament

Answer 66

Ovaries

Question 67

Outer functional layer of the ovary

Answer 67

Cortex

Question 68

What layer of the ovary contains the vessels and connective tissue?

Answer 68

Inner medullary

Question 69

The channel through which vessels and nerves is situated the anterior surface of the ovary

Answer 69

Hilum

Question 70

Paired musculomembranous tubes that extend laterally from the uterine Cornu

Answer 70

Fallopian tubes

Question 71

Parts of the Fallopian tube

Answer 71

C ornual/ interstitial/ intramural I sthmus A mpullary I nfundibulum F imbriae

Question 72

Potential spaces in pelvic cavity created by locations of organs and suspensory structures

Answer 72

Peritoneal recesses

Question 73

Prevesical or retropubic space located b/w pubic symphysis (ant) and bladder (post)

Answer 73

Space of Retzius

Question 74

Anterior cul de sac/ anterior to ut posterior to bladder ( usually empty, may have loops of bowel)

Answer 74

Vesicouterine

Question 75

posterior to cul de sac, posterior to uterine cervix, anterior to rectum ( most dependent area of body and most common place for fluid to collect)

Answer 75

Rectouterine space ( pouch of Douglas )

Question 76

Complex free fluid in the peritoneal recesses is associated with what?

Answer 76

Hemorrhage ( blood) infection (pus)

Question 77

What supplies the pelvic organ?

Answer 77

Abdominal aorta and branches

Question 78

Where does the abdominal aorta divide into the right and left common iliac arteries?

Answer 78

L4