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ENT > Anatomy- Salivary glands, Tongue, Palate and Pharynx > Flashcards

Anatomy- Salivary glands, Tongue, Palate and Pharynx Flashcards

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1
Q

where is the oral vestibule

A

between the lips and the teeth

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2
Q

what is the order of the pharynxs from top to bottom

A

nasopharynx
oro
laryngo

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3
Q

where is the definitve choanae

A

between the nasopharynx and nasal cavity (infront of entrance to eustachian tube)

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4
Q

what divides the naso and oro pharynx

A

the low tip of the soft palate

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5
Q

what makes up the epiglottis

A

laryngeal cartilage

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6
Q

what is the boundary between the laryngopharynx and the oropharynx

A

tip of the epiglottis

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7
Q

what is the oral cavity

A

everything above the tongue and below the hard palate

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8
Q

what level is the hyoid bone at

A

C3, in line with inferior aspect (base) of the mandible

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9
Q

what is the frenulum

A

connects the tongue to the base of the oral cavity

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10
Q

what is the sublingual caruncle

A

bump in the fremulum- opening for the submandibular glands

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11
Q

what is the sublingual fold

A

where the sublingual glands secrete mucous into

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12
Q

what veins are on the floor of the night

A

deep lingual veins

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13
Q

what muscles make up the floor of the mouth

A

geniohyoid (genio=back of chin)

mylohyoid

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14
Q

what innervates the geniohyoid

A

C1 (cervical spine nerve) via hypoglossal nerve

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15
Q

what innervates the mylohyoid

A

CN V3

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16
Q

what is the purpose of the free edge of the mylohoid

A

allows the submandibular gland to curl up

can allow infections to spread down into the neck

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17
Q

what are the major salivary glands

A

3 bilateral pairs

  • parotid
  • submandibular
  • sublingual
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18
Q

what are the minor salivary glands

A

1000’s in oral mucosa

basal secretion to keep mouth moist

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19
Q

what stimulates salivation

A

thoughtm sight, smell of food/ food in mouth

painful oral conditions (teething, fractures mandible)

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20
Q

where does the parotid gland secrete into the mouth

A

by the upper 2nd molar

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21
Q

where are the parotid salivary glands

A

infront of/below ear

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22
Q

how does the submandibular gland secrete into the mouth

A

enters floor of mouth and secretes via the lingual caruncle

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23
Q

how does the sublingual gland secrete into the mouth

A

lays in floor of mouth, secretes via several ducts superiorly

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24
Q

what can salivary duct clogging/blockage cause

A

swelling due to back up of secretions

e.g in parotid transient swelling during meal times

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25
what 'pathetic' innervates the salivary glands mostly
parasympathetics
26
what is the innervation of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
parasympathetics axons (secretorymotor) of chorda tympani branch of CN VII via the lingual branch of CN V3
27
what nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression
CN VII
28
what is the innervation of the partoid gland
parasympathetic innervation (secretomotor) from CN IX, hitches a ride of branches of CN V3 (otic ganglion)
29
what type of muscle is the tongue
skeletal
30
what is the tongue covered in
mucosa
31
what is the innervation of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue (vertical part of tongue)
taste and general sensory by CN IX
32
what is the innervation of the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue (horizontal part of tongue)
general sensory CN V3 | taste CN VII
33
what do filiform papillae sense
touch, temp | why there is a high conc of them at the tip of the tongue
34
what papillae have taste buds
foliate vallate fungiform
35
what separates the horizontal (posterior 1/3rd) and vertical (anterior 2/3rds) of the tongue
sulcus terminus
36
what is the path of the developing thyroid
originates in the pharynx | descends through the foramen caecum of the tongue
37
what can you get in the migratory path of the thryoid
thryoglossal cysts or ectopic thyroid tissue
38
what holds the tongue in place
4 pairs of skeletal muscles- palatoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus, hyoglossus (name tells you where they've come from)
39
what is the role of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
function to change the position of the tongue during mastication, swallowing and speech
40
where are and what is the role of the intrinsic muscle of the tongue
mainly dorsally/posteriorly | modify the shape of the tongue during function
41
what is the innervation of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
all supplied by hypoglossal (CN XII) except the palatoglossus which is vagus
42
how does CN XII attach to the CNS
rootlets that attach to the medulla oblongata
43
how does CN XII leave the skull
hypoglossal canal (occipital bone) (anterior wall of foramen magnum)
44
what is the extracranial course of CN XII
descends in neck lateral to carotid sheath at level of hyoid bone passes anteriorly towards the lateral aspect of the tongue - supplies most of the muscles of the tongue passes anteriorly through neck lateral to the loop of the lingual artery
45
how do you clinically test CN XII
ask patient to stick tongue out if both CN XII functional then tongue tip will remains in the midline in unilateral CN XII damage tongue will point TOWARDS the injured side
46
what muscle pushes the tongue out of the mouth
genioglossal
47
what is the blood supply to the tongue
lingual artery- comes off the external carotid artery
48
what passes medial and lateral to the hypoglossus
arteries (lingual) pass medial | nerves (hypoglossal) pass lateral
49
what pharyngeal arch forms the palatine tonsils
2nd pharyngeal arch
50
what are the arches of the soft palate
skeletal muscles covered in mucosa
51
what goes in the greater and lesser palatine foramina
branches of CN V2 and branches of the maxillary artery
52
what lines the soft palate
non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
53
what lines the hard palate
keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
54
what bones form the hard palate
maxilla (anterior) and palatine (posterior aspect) bones
55
where is the scaphoid fossa
the pterygoid plate
56
what are palatal rugae
transverse mucosal ridges- assist in breaking down food
57
where is the pterygoid hamulus
hook like structure on the sphenoid bone
58
what are the five muscles of the soft palate
``` tensor veli palatini palatopharyngeus palatoglossus musculus uvulae levator veli palatini ```
59
what is the innervation and role of tensor veli palatini
CN V3 | tenses palatine aponeurosis
60
what is the innervation and role of levator veli palatini
CN X | lifts palatine aponeurosis
61
what is the innervation and role of palatopharyngeus
CN X | lifts pharynx and thyroid cartilage
62
what is the innervation and role of palatoglossus
CN X | brings tongue and soft palate together
63
what is the innervation and role of musculus uvulae
CN X | shortens uvula
64
what is the innervation of the muscles of the soft palate
all supplied by CN X expect tensor veli palatini CN V3
65
what is the role of the soft palate
stops food entering the nose during swallowing directs air into the nose/ mouth during speech, sneezing, coughing and vomiting closes off the entrance into the oropharynx during the gag reflex
66
how can the soft palate be used to clinically test CN X
ask patient to say ahhh if nerves normal uvula should lift in the midline if unilateral pathology uvula will be pulled AWAY from the non functioning side
67
what is the innervation of the muscles of the pharynx
all innervated by CN X except stylopharyngeus (IX)
68
what are the two layers of pharynx muscles
outer circular layer (3 constrictor muscles, contracts pushing food inferiorly) inner longitudinal layer (3 paired vertical muscles, contract and pull larynx superiorly shortening pharynx during swallowing)
69
what types of muscles are in the pharynx
skeletal- voluntary
70
what are the circular muscles of the pharynx
superior, middle and inferior constrictors
71
what do the gaps in the circular pharynx muscles allow
'gateway to the mouth' for CN IX, lingual artery, stylopharyngeus muscle
72
what pharynx muscles overlap each other
circular
73
in what way do the circular muscles of the pharynx contract
sequentially- peristalsis action
74
what innervates the circular muscles of the pharynx
CN X via the pharyngeal plexus
75
where do all circular muscles of the pharynx insert
onto the midline raphe
76
what is the only muscle in the pharynx to be innervated by CN IX
stylopharyngeus
77
what nerve does stylopharyngeus pass through the gateway to the mouth with
CN IX
78
what are the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
stylopharyngeus palatopharyngeus salpingopharyngeus
79
where do all the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx insert
onto posterior border of thyroid cartilage
80
what is the role of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
elevate pharynx and larynx
81
what innervates palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus
CN X
82
what is in the nasopharynx
``` choanae torus tubarius (above opening of the eustachian tube) pharyngeal recess salpingopharyngeal fold opening to eustachian tube ```
83
what is in the oropharynx
palatine tonsils palatoglossal arch palatopharyngeal arch | lingual tonsil
84
what is in the laryngopharynx
``` laryngeal aditus (inlet) piriform fossa (recess) ```
85
what is the role and position of the waldeyers tonsillar ring
within mucosa of the naso and oropharynx defence against invading pathogens
86
how many pairs of tonsils do you have - name them
``` 4 pharyngeal (adenoid) tubal palatine lingual ```
87
what are regional nodes
the group of lymph nodes that first receive the lymph that has drained from a given structure
88
what are the regional nodes for the tip of the tongue
submental nodes
89
where are the submental nodes
in the neck posterior to the mental process of the mandible
90
where are submandibular nodes
superficial to the submandibular gland
91
what nodes drain the palatine tonsils
jugulo-diagastric
92
where are the deep cervical nodes
in the carotid sheath
93
what are lymph nodes like in infection
``` swollen painful soft smooth not fixed (stuck to) adjacent structures improve rapidly with antibiotics etc. ```
94
what are lymph nodes like in cancer
``` swollen not painful hard irregular fixed ``` do not improve
95
where do midline structures usually drain
bilaterally (across the midline)
96
where are the parotid nodes
pre auricular
97
where are the mastoid nodes
post auricular
98
where do you palpate the deep cervial nodes
along the internal jugular vein
99
where do you palpate the superficial cervical nodes
along the external jugular vein

ENT (27 decks)

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