What organs are present in the RUQ?
Liver Gallbladder Pylorus of stomach Duodenum 1-3 Head of pancreas Right kidney and adrenal gland Hepatic flexure Sup part of ascending colon Transverse colon
What organs are present in the LUQ?
Left lobe of liver Stomach Spleen Jejunum Proximal ileum Pancreas; body and tail Left kidney and adrenal gland Splenic flexure Descending colon Transverse colon
What organs are present in RLQ?
Caecum Appendix Ileum Ascending colon Right ovary and uterine tube Left spermatic cord Right ureter
What organs are present in the LLQ?
Sigmoid colon Descending colon Left ovary and uterine tube Left spermatic cord Left ureter
What are the branches of the coeliac trunk?
Hepatic
Splenic
Left gastric
What are the branches of the SMA?
Right colic
Middle colic
Ileocolic
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal
What are the branches of the IMA?
Left colic
Sigmoid
Superior rectal
What are the branches of the abdominal aorta?
Coeliac SMA IMA Renal Suprarenal Gonadal
What are the paracolic gutters?
Grooves lying bilaterally between ascending/ descending colon and the posterolateral abdominal wall
What pouches are present in the female at the bottom of the abdomen?
Vesicouterine
Rectouterine
What pouch is present in the male at the bottom of the abdomen?
Rectovesical
What are examples of referred pain?
Liver/diaphragm; right shoulder tip Ectopic pregnancy; left shoulder tip Stomach; between shoulder blades Pancreas; mid-back Kidneys to thighs
What nerve damage will a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus result in?
Axillary
Motor deficit; abduction of shoulder
Sensory deficit: regimental badge
What nerve damage will a fracture of the mid-shaft of the humerus result in?
Radial nerve
Wrist drop
Sensory deficit in posterior forearm, posterior hand and lateral side
What nerve damage will a fracture of the supracondylar region of the humerus result in?
Ulnar nerve
Claw hand, abduction/adduction of fingers, adduction of thumb, wasting of hypothenar eminence
Sensory deficit in medial palm and dorsum and medial one and a half fingers
What nerve damage will a posterior dislocation of the hip result in?
Sciatic nerve
Weak extension of hip, flexion of knee, all movements of ankle and foot
Sensory deficit in posterior thigh, all skin inferior to knee except medial calf
What nerve damage will a fracture of the neck of fibular result in?
Common fibular
Foot drop
Sensory deficit to dorsum of foot, cleft between big and 2nd toe
What is the anterior surface of the heart formed from?
Mostly right ventricle
What is the posterior surface of the heart formed from?
Base of the heart; both atria
What is the inferior surface of the heart formed from?
Both ventricles
What forms the right heart border?
Right atrium
IVC
SVC
What forms the left heart border?
LV
LA
What is the space posterior to the pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta?
Transverse pericardial sinus
Branches of the LCA?
LAD
Circumflex
Left marginal
Branches of the RCA?
Right marginal
Posterior interventricular
What will blockage of the LAD result in?
Anterior infarction
What will blockage of the RC result in?
Inferior infarction
What foramen will the vertebral and internal carotid arteries pass through to enter the brain?
Vertebral; foramen magnum
Internal carotid; carotid canal
Describe the innervation of the facial nerve
Frontalis has a bilateral corticonuclear innervation; therefore muscles uses to raise eyebrows still function after UMNL
Muscles used for smiling receive only contralateral facial nerve innervation and so are affected
Describe lymph drainage from the left lung upper lobe to left venous angle
Lymph will drain towards the hilar lymph
nodes, then towards the tracheobronchial lymph nodes then towards
the thoracic duct, via the bronchomediastinal lymph trunk before
eventually draining into the left venous angle.
Where will lymph from the left lower lobe drain?
Some will drain via the right tracheobronchial nodes into the right lymphatic duct
Where does lymph from the parietal pleura drain?
Lymph nodes of thoracic wall; intercostal, parasternal, mediastinal and phrenic
Describe the extend of the lung fields
Superior; rib 1 into root of neck
Inferiorly; follows rib 6 anteriorly, 8 laterally and 10 posteriorly
Medially; mediastinum (cardiac notch on left side)
Laterally; rib cage
What is pleura?
Thin layer of simple squamous epithelium that secretes pleural fluid
What are the 2 recesses found in the pleural cavities?
Costodiaphragmatic
Costomediastinal
What 3 groups of muscles are active in quiet respiration?
Internal, external and innermost intercostal muscles
What is the innervation of the intercostal muscles?
Intercostal nerves
In which phase of respiration is the diaphragm active?
Inspiration
Which muscles are utilized when people adopt the “tripod” position when out of breath?
Pec major
Pec minor
Serratus anterior
Name 2 functions of pleural fluid
Allows the 2 layers of pleura to slide over each other during respiration
Provides surface tension to prevent 2 layers from separating