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SS - Exam 1 > Anatomy - Skull > Flashcards

Anatomy - Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Facial regions of the skull

A

Visceral or viscerocarnium
Rostral
Houses nasal cavities, eyes, nose, tongue
Carry the upper dental arcade
All are paired except vomer

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2
Q

Neural region - nerurocranium

A

Houses cranial cavity (brain case)

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3
Q

Unpaired bones of cranial bones

A

Supraoccipital
Interparietal
Basioccipital
Presphenoid
Ethmoid

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4
Q

Paired bones in cranial bones

A

Exoccipital
Parietal
Frontal
Temporal

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5
Q

Unpaired bones facial bones

A

Vomer

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6
Q

Paired facial bones

A

Incisive
Nasal
Maxilla
Mandible
Zygomatic
Palatine
Lacrimal
Pterygoid
Dorsal nasal concha
Ventral nasal concha

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7
Q

Paired bones of middle ear cavity

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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8
Q

Unpaired Bones of hypoid apparatus

A

Basihyoid

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9
Q

Paired bones of hyoid apparatus

A
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10
Q

Where does the hyoid apparatus articulate with the skull

A

Mastoid process near external acoustic meatus

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11
Q

Which hyoid bone in the horses is tiny? which is the longest?

A

Epihyoid
Stylohyoid

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12
Q

Sick elephant can be treated

A

Stylohyoid
Epihyoid
Certohyoid
Basihyoid
Thyrohyoid

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13
Q

Ramus

A

No teeth but processes that articulate
- coronoid, highest, inserts of temporalis muscle
- lateral : masseteric fossa
- medial: mandibular foramen - mandibular nerves

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14
Q

Process for TMJ

A

Condylar process

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15
Q

Bones of the skull & function

A

Nasal - forms smallest part of nasal cavity
Incisive - house upper incisor teeth
Maxilla - house canine & upper cheek teeth, body support of hard palate
Lacrimal - has fossa for lacrimal sac (nor a foramen)

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16
Q

Side bones in the skull & function

A

Zygomatic - forms part of zygomatic arch
Palatine - forms only a small part of the hard palate, part of lateral, ventral skull
Pterygoid - hamulus or hook

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17
Q

Zygomatic arch

A

Made from two bones, zygomatic bone & temporal bone
Widest part of the skull
Forms bridge between facial and neurocranial regions
Clinically relevant palpable structure

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18
Q

Pterygopalatine fossa

A

Depression caudoventral to orbit (where eye is located) and medial to zygomatic arch
Provides foramina w vessels & nerves
Filled by Pterygoid muscles of mastication

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19
Q

Sphenoid complex

A

Caudal part of pterygopalantine fossa
Houses several foramina
Forms part of skull floor
- basisphenoid
- presphenoid

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20
Q

Parietal bone

A

Forms caudolateral part of calvarium (where brain is located)

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21
Q

frontal bone**

A

Rostral part of cranial vault
Form the zygomatic process of the frontal bone **
Not to be confused with the frontal process of the zygomatic bone **

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22
Q

Temporal bone

A

3 parts
Petrous - completely inside skull, not visible from outside except for mastoid process. Houses inner ear*
Tympanic - tympanic bulla & external acoustic meatus, houses middle ear
Squamous - largest part, scale like, include caudal 1/2 of zygomatic arch, temporal part of TMJ (mandibular fossa, retroarticular process)

23
Q

Petrous

A

completely inside skull, not visible from outside except for mastoid process. Houses inner ear*

24
Q

Tympanic

A

tympanic bulla & external acoustic meatus, houses middle ear

25
Q

Squamous

A

Blargest part, scale like, include caudal 1/2 of zygomatic arch, temporal part of TMJ (mandibular fossa, retroarticular process)

26
Q

Occipital bone

A

Caudal region of skull
Occipital condyles - foramen magnum located between
Foramen magnum - exit/entry for spinal cord
External sagittal crest - raised midline running caudally
Nuchal crest - raised crest R/L that meet at the midline
External occipital protuberance - meeting place of external sagittal crest and R/L nuchal crest

27
Q

Temporal line

A

Two lines that converge to create the external sagittal crest
Form rostromedial boundaries of temporal fossa
Lines between frontal and temporal bones

28
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Ethmoturbinates - paper like bones that separate nasal cavity
Cribriform plate
- separates cranial and nasal cavities
- sieve like for nerve and blood vessel passage

29
Q

Orbital rim

A

Houses eye
Incomplete in carnivores
Gap is bridged by orbital ligament

30
Q

Infraorbital foramen *

A

Rostral opening to infraorbital canal
Houses infraorbital VAN
*dental block

31
Q

Caudal group of foramina of pterygopalantine fossa

A

Ethmoid
Optic canal
Orbital fissure
Rostral alar foramen
Caudal alar foramen
Oval foramen
Round foramen (not visible laterally)

32
Q

Cranial group of foramina in pterygopalantine foss

A

Maxillary foramen -> infraorbital canal -> infraorbital Forman
Sphenopalatine foramen
Caudal palatine foramen

33
Q

Major palatine foramen

A

+palatine fissure, caudal palatine foramen
Forms the palatine canal where the maxillary nerve runs

34
Q

Nasal aperture

A

Rostral bony opening into nasal cavity
Each nasal fossa extends from the opening of nasal aperture to the choanae

35
Q

Cranial vault bones

A

Cribriform plate
Frontal & parietal bones
Sphenoid complex, temporal & occipital bones
Occipital bones
Frontal & parietal bones + parts of temporal

36
Q

Walls & bones of cranial vault

A

Rostral wall - Cribriform plate
Roof - frontal & parietal bones
Floor - sphenoid complex, temporal & occipital
Caudal wall - occipital bone
Lateral walls - frontal, parietal bones, part of temporal

37
Q

3 cranial fossae

A

Rostral cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Caudal cranial fossa

38
Q

Rostral cranial fossa

A

1/5 of cranial cavity
From Cribriform plate to optic canal
Houses olfactory bulbs & frontal lobes

39
Q

Middle caudal fossa

A

3/5 of cranial cavity - From end of cranial fossa to the middle of petrous part of temporal bone

40
Q

Caudal cranial fossa*

A

1/5 of cranial cavity
Osseous tentorium cerebelli - shelf of bone separating cerebrum from cerebellum
* inflammation can cause caudal cerebral herniation

41
Q

Cat skull *

A

Larger tympanic bulla - septum bullae
Divides into 2 compartments
Visible on radiograph
* prevents drainage, careful for nerves if breaking

42
Q

EOP *

A

Palpable landmark for CSF taps in dogs

43
Q

Facial crest *

A

Nasoincisive notch
Infraorbital foramen + nerve - for blocks
Supraorbital process + foramen
Zygomatic arch
Complete bony orbit - temporohyoid osteoarthropathy

44
Q

Facial crest structures

A

Nasoincisve notch
Infraorbital foramen
Supraorbital process & foramen
Zygomatic arch

45
Q

Facial crest clinical significance to sinus

A

Safest lowest boarder to penetrate the sinus

46
Q

Ruminant skull structures

A

Large frontal bone
Lacrimal bulla caudal extension of maxillary sinus
Foramen orbitorotundum (orbital+round)
Pterygoid crest

47
Q

Peterson retrobulbar block

A

Used in ruminants for eye enucleation
Angle between frontal and temporal process of zygomatic bone

48
Q

Foramen lacerum

A

Very large foramen - Caudal base of skull
Represents the fusion of oval + tympani-occipital fissure

49
Q

Foramen lacerum muscle insertion

A

Insertion for longus capitis muscle

50
Q

Traumatic significance of foramen lacerum

A

Foramen weaken base of skull
When horses rear or fall backwards, breaks in this region of skull are common
“ Fracture basiscrani “

51
Q

Sinus in horses

A

4 pairs
Maxillary
Frontal
Conchal
Sphenopalatine

52
Q

Largest sinus in horse

A

Maxillary
Divided into rostral and caudal sinuses w bony septum

53
Q

Ox sinuses

A

6 pairs
Frontal
Maxillary
Conchal
Sphenoid
Palatine
Lacrimal

54
Q

Largest sinus in ox

A

Frontal
Extends into cornual divertriculum

SS - Exam 1 (33 decks)

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