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SS - Exam 1 > Anatomy - Skull > Flashcards

Anatomy - Skull Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Facial regions of the skull

A

Visceral or viscerocarnium
Rostral
Houses nasal cavities, eyes, nose, tongue
Carry the upper dental arcade
All are paired except vomer

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2
Q

Neural region - nerurocranium

A

Houses cranial cavity (brain case)

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3
Q

Unpaired bones of cranial bones

A

Supraoccipital
Interparietal
Basioccipital
Presphenoid
Ethmoid

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4
Q

Paired bones in cranial bones

A

Exoccipital
Parietal
Frontal
Temporal

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5
Q

Unpaired bones facial bones

A

Vomer

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6
Q

Paired facial bones

A

Incisive
Nasal
Maxilla
Mandible
Zygomatic
Palatine
Lacrimal
Pterygoid
Dorsal nasal concha
Ventral nasal concha

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7
Q

Paired bones of middle ear cavity

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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8
Q

Unpaired Bones of hypoid apparatus

A

Basihyoid

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9
Q

Paired bones of hyoid apparatus

A
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10
Q

Where does the hyoid apparatus articulate with the skull

A

Mastoid process near external acoustic meatus

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11
Q

Which hyoid bone in the horses is tiny? which is the longest?

A

Epihyoid
Stylohyoid

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12
Q

Sick elephant can be treated

A

Stylohyoid
Epihyoid
Certohyoid
Basihyoid
Thyrohyoid

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13
Q

Ramus

A

No teeth but processes that articulate
- coronoid, highest, inserts of temporalis muscle
- lateral : masseteric fossa
- medial: mandibular foramen - mandibular nerves

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14
Q

Process for TMJ

A

Condylar process

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15
Q

Bones of the skull & function

A

Nasal - forms smallest part of nasal cavity
Incisive - house upper incisor teeth
Maxilla - house canine & upper cheek teeth, body support of hard palate
Lacrimal - has fossa for lacrimal sac (nor a foramen)

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16
Q

Side bones in the skull & function

A

Zygomatic - forms part of zygomatic arch
Palatine - forms only a small part of the hard palate, part of lateral, ventral skull
Pterygoid - hamulus or hook

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17
Q

Zygomatic arch

A

Made from two bones, zygomatic bone & temporal bone
Widest part of the skull
Forms bridge between facial and neurocranial regions
Clinically relevant palpable structure

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18
Q

Pterygopalatine fossa

A

Depression caudoventral to orbit (where eye is located) and medial to zygomatic arch
Provides foramina w vessels & nerves
Filled by Pterygoid muscles of mastication

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19
Q

Sphenoid complex

A

Caudal part of pterygopalantine fossa
Houses several foramina
Forms part of skull floor
- basisphenoid
- presphenoid

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20
Q

Parietal bone

A

Forms caudolateral part of calvarium (where brain is located)

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21
Q

frontal bone**

A

Rostral part of cranial vault
Form the zygomatic process of the frontal bone **
Not to be confused with the frontal process of the zygomatic bone **

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22
Q

Temporal bone

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A

3 parts
Petrous - completely inside skull, not visible from outside except for mastoid process. Houses inner ear*
Tympanic - tympanic bulla & external acoustic meatus, houses middle ear
Squamous - largest part, scale like, include caudal 1/2 of zygomatic arch, temporal part of TMJ (mandibular fossa, retroarticular process)

23
Q

Petrous

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A

completely inside skull, not visible from outside except for mastoid process. Houses inner ear*

24
Q

Tympanic

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A

tympanic bulla & external acoustic meatus, houses middle ear

25
Squamous
Blargest part, scale like, include caudal 1/2 of zygomatic arch, temporal part of TMJ (mandibular fossa, retroarticular process)
26
Occipital bone
Caudal region of skull Occipital condyles - foramen magnum located between Foramen magnum - exit/entry for spinal cord External sagittal crest - raised midline running caudally Nuchal crest - raised crest R/L that meet at the midline External occipital protuberance - meeting place of external sagittal crest and R/L nuchal crest
27
Temporal line
Two lines that converge to create the external sagittal crest Form rostromedial boundaries of temporal fossa Lines between frontal and temporal bones
28
Ethmoid bone
Ethmoturbinates - paper like bones that separate nasal cavity Cribriform plate - separates cranial and nasal cavities - sieve like for nerve and blood vessel passage
29
Orbital rim
Houses eye Incomplete in carnivores Gap is bridged by orbital ligament
30
Infraorbital foramen *
Rostral opening to infraorbital canal Houses infraorbital VAN *dental block
31
Caudal group of foramina of pterygopalantine fossa
Ethmoid Optic canal Orbital fissure Rostral alar foramen Caudal alar foramen Oval foramen Round foramen (not visible laterally)
32
Cranial group of foramina in pterygopalantine foss
Maxillary foramen -> infraorbital canal -> infraorbital Forman Sphenopalatine foramen Caudal palatine foramen
33
Major palatine foramen
+palatine fissure, caudal palatine foramen Forms the palatine canal where the maxillary nerve runs
34
Nasal aperture
Rostral bony opening into nasal cavity Each nasal fossa extends from the opening of nasal aperture to the choanae
35
Cranial vault bones
Cribriform plate Frontal & parietal bones Sphenoid complex, temporal & occipital bones Occipital bones Frontal & parietal bones + parts of temporal
36
Walls & bones of cranial vault
Rostral wall - Cribriform plate Roof - frontal & parietal bones Floor - sphenoid complex, temporal & occipital Caudal wall - occipital bone Lateral walls - frontal, parietal bones, part of temporal
37
3 cranial fossae
Rostral cranial fossa Middle cranial fossa Caudal cranial fossa
38
Rostral cranial fossa
1/5 of cranial cavity From Cribriform plate to optic canal Houses olfactory bulbs & frontal lobes
39
Middle caudal fossa
3/5 of cranial cavity - From end of cranial fossa to the middle of petrous part of temporal bone
40
Caudal cranial fossa*
1/5 of cranial cavity Osseous tentorium cerebelli - shelf of bone separating cerebrum from cerebellum * inflammation can cause caudal cerebral herniation
41
Cat skull *
Larger tympanic bulla - septum bullae Divides into 2 compartments Visible on radiograph * prevents drainage, careful for nerves if breaking
42
EOP *
Palpable landmark for CSF taps in dogs
43
Facial crest *
Nasoincisive notch Infraorbital foramen + nerve - for blocks Supraorbital process + foramen Zygomatic arch Complete bony orbit - temporohyoid osteoarthropathy
44
Facial crest structures
Nasoincisve notch Infraorbital foramen Supraorbital process & foramen Zygomatic arch
45
Facial crest clinical significance to sinus
Safest lowest boarder to penetrate the sinus
46
Ruminant skull structures
Large frontal bone Lacrimal bulla caudal extension of maxillary sinus Foramen orbitorotundum (orbital+round) Pterygoid crest
47
Peterson retrobulbar block
Used in ruminants for eye enucleation Angle between frontal and temporal process of zygomatic bone
48
Foramen lacerum
Very large foramen - Caudal base of skull Represents the fusion of oval + tympani-occipital fissure
49
Foramen lacerum muscle insertion
Insertion for longus capitis muscle
50
Traumatic significance of foramen lacerum
Foramen weaken base of skull When horses rear or fall backwards, breaks in this region of skull are common “ Fracture basiscrani “
51
Sinus in horses
4 pairs Maxillary Frontal Conchal Sphenopalatine
52
Largest sinus in horse
Maxillary Divided into rostral and caudal sinuses w bony septum
53
Ox sinuses
6 pairs Frontal Maxillary Conchal Sphenoid Palatine Lacrimal
54
Largest sinus in ox
Frontal Extends into cornual divertriculum

SS - Exam 1 (33 decks)

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