Anatomy: speech and swallowing Flashcards
(30 cards)
what are the 3 phases of swallowing
oral phase (voluntary), pharyngeal phase (involuntary), oesophageal phase (involuntary)
what is the role of CNV3 in the oral phase of swallowing
supply masticatory muscles (temporalis, masseter, pterygoid medial all close. pterygoid lateral opens).
what is the role of CnVII in the oral phase of swallowing
labial seal (orbicularis oris) and tightens cheek (buccinator)
what is the role of CNXII in the oral phase of swallowing
intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles manipulate bolus and push it against hard palate.
what is the role of CNX in the oral phase of swallowing
depresses soft (lesser) palate to create oropharyngeal seal and push bolus posteriorly.
what is the nerve supply on the hard palate
branches of pterygopalatine ganglion. secretomotor (CNVII), general sensation (CNV2)
what is the course of CNXII
from medulla through carotid sheath supplies all muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus.
what is the critical phase of the pharyngeal phase
switch from air channel to food
what are the phases of the pharyngeal phase
elevation of soft palate, posterior pressure from tongue, hyolaryngeal elevation, pharyngeal constrictor contraction
what happens in hyolaryngeal elevation
hyoid bone moved by suprahyoid and pharyngeal muscles. forces epiglottis to cover laryngeal aditus and protect airway
in oesophageal phase, what relaxes the UOS to move the bolus to the oesophagus. what is innervates it?
cricopharyngeus, external laryngeal nerve (CNX)
where can the retropharyngeal space spread infection to
mediastinum
what forms the pharyngeal plexus and what does it innervate
CNIX, CNX, muscles of soft palate and pharynx (except tensor veli palantini)
what are the pharyngeal constrictor muscles muscles
superior constrictor (attaches to maxilla by pterygomandibular raphe), middle constrictor (attaches to hyoid), inferior constrictor
where is the gateway to the mouth and what does it conduct
inbetween sup and middle pharynx contrictors. CN IX, lingual artery, stylopharyngeus muscle
what is the sensory (afferent) component of the gag reflex
post 1/3 tongue, palatine tonsil, wall of oropharynx (CNIX)
what is the motor (efferent) component of the gag reflex
closes of oropharynx. constrictor muscles of pharynx (CNX), longitudinal pharynx muscles (CNIX and X). tongue (CNXII).
what muscles open the larynx for respiration
posterior cricoarytenoid. widens rima glottidis
what is the protective function of the larynx. what muscles are involved
closes rima glottidis during swallowing. arytenoid muscle and lateral cricoarytenoid
how does phonation occur (briefly)
expiration builds sub-glottal pressure in larynx which causes vocal cords to vibrate,
what do the intrinsic laryngeal muscles do and what innervates them
move vocal cords for speech, CNX
what muscle is involved in lowering pitch and what happens
thyroarytenoid, relaxes vocal ligament (posterior thyroid)
what muscle is involved in increasing pitch and what happens
cricothyroid, tenses vocal ligament (anterolateral cricoid cartilage)
what is the innervation of the larynx (individual nerves)
mucosa above vocal fold = internal laryngeal, mucosa below vocal fold = inferior laryngeal. all intrinsic muscles (except cricothyroid) are inferior laryngeal.
