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dance > anatomy test - unit A > Flashcards

anatomy test - unit A Flashcards

musclo-skeletal system (55 cards)

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1
Q

what is abduction

A

the raising of arm or leg away from the center line

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2
Q

what is adduction

A

the lowering of an arm or leg towards the center line

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3
Q

what is circumduction

A

the tracing of a circular path by an appendicular body part

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4
Q

what is a joint

A

a joint is where two bones articulate

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5
Q

what is a joint capsule

A

joint capsule is connective tissue which envelops a joint and retain synovial fluid

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6
Q

what is a ligament

A

a ligament is a strong fibrous band that attaches one bone to another

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7
Q

what is a tendon

A

a tendon is a strong fibrous band that attaches a muscle to bone

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8
Q

what is cartilage

A

cartilage is tough white gristle attached to the end of bones to prevent jarring

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9
Q

what is the meniscus

A

the meniscus is the crescent shaped lateral and medial cartilage in the knee joint

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10
Q

what is inversion

A

inwards rolling of the arches of the foot caused by the lifting of the outer edges of the foot

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11
Q

what is eversion

A

outwards rolling of the arches of the foot caused by the lifting of the inner edges of the foot

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12
Q

what is a nerve

A

a nerve conducts electrical impulses from the brain to the muscles throughout the body in order to produce desired movements

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13
Q

what is bursa

A

protective fluid sac surrounding joints that may be subjected to pressure or friction (knee, elbow)`

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14
Q

what is another word for contusion

A

bruise

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15
Q

what is another word for hemorrhage

A

bleeding

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16
Q

what is a sprain

A

tearing of ligamentous tissue (tear in the ligament)

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17
Q

what is a strain

A

tearing of muscle fibers (tear in muscle)

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18
Q

what is supination

A

turning of the palm of the hand up

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19
Q

what is pronation

A

turning of the palm of the hand down

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20
Q

what are the different parts of the skeleton

A

Axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton

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21
Q

what is the axial skeleton

A

skull, spine, thorax (ribs)

axial bones run along the central axis of the body and support and protect the head and torso

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22
Q

what is the function of the axial skeleton

A

to protect the vital organs of the body

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23
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Study These Flashcards
A

the shoulder girdle, arm, wrist, hand, leg and foot

these are known as the appendages or limbs of the skeleton

24
Q

what is the function of the appendicular skeleton

Study These Flashcards
A

the function of the appendicular skeleton is motion as tendons attach to muscle to the bones and movement is brought about by the muscles contracting to pulling which turns the bones into levers

25
what is the five functions of bones
1. support; the organs and tissues of the body are organized within a moveable framework 2. protection; the bones contain and protect the internal organs 3. movement; the bones provide a system of levers which the muscles operate 4. storage ; the bones act as a mineral reservoir 5. blood cell formation; white and red blood cells are produced in bone marrow to provide a supply of blood cells
26
what are the 3 different kinds of muscle
skeletal muscle smooth or involuntary muscle cardiac muscle
27
what is skeletal muscle
- they are attached to bone - they hold the skeleton together, give the body shape and help it with everyday movements - voluntary muscles because you can control them - they can contract quickly and powerfully but they tire easily and have to rest between workouts
28
what is smooth or involuntary muscle
- smooth not striated - generally, we can't consciously control our smooth muscles as they're automatically controlled by the nervous system - examples; walls of the stomach and the small intestine - take longer to contract but can stay contracted for a longer amount of time
29
what are cardiac muscles
- found in the heart - composed of the walls of the heart chambers - involuntary - force blood out of the heart as it beats
30
give an example of a fibrous or immoveable joint
the dome of the skull, joints that hole the teeth in the jawbone
31
give an example of a cartilaginous or partially moveable joint
each vertebrae in the spine linked by cartilage
32
give an example of synovial or freely moveable joints
hip, shoulders, elbow, knees, wrist and ankles main types of joints filled with synovial fluid (acts as a lubricant so that they can move freely)
33
the different types of synovial joints are
- ball and socket (shoulder, hip - hinge (elbow) - saddle (base of thumb) - ellipsoid (wrist - side to side) - pivot (neck) - gliding (wrist - up and down)
34
describe the range of movement, type of joint, and what bones are in the shoulder joint
bones - scapular and humerus range of movement - adduction, abduction, flexion, rotation and extension type of joint - ball and socket
35
describe the range of movement, type of joint, and what bones are in the hip joint
bones - cup of the illium and head of the femur range of movement - adduction, abduction, flexion, rotation and extension type of joint - ball and socket
36
describe the range of movement, type of joint, and what bones are in the elbow joint
bones - humerus, radius and ulna range of movement - flexion and extension joint type - hinge
37
describe the range of movement, type of joint, and what bones are in the ankle joint
bones - tibia, fibula and talus range of movement - flexion, extension and some rotation is not bearing weight joint type - hinge
38
describe the range of movement, type of joint, and what bones are in the knee joint
bones - femur, tibia, fibular and the patella (protects the joint) range of movement - flexion, extension and some rotation is not bearing weight joint type - hinge
39
describe the range of movement, type of joint, and what bones are in the thumb joint
bones - metacarpals and phalanges range of movement - all movement but limited rotation joint type - saddle
40
describe the range of movement, type of joint, and what bones are in the wrist joint
bones - carpels and phalanges Range of movement - addiction, abduction, flexion and extension joint type - ellipsoid
41
describe the range of movement, type of joint, and what bones are in the neck joint
bones - skull and first cervical vertebrae range of movement - rotation joint type - pivot
42
what are the different sections of the spine
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
43
how many vertebrae and the range of movement in the cervical spine
7 vertebrae flexion, extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion and rotation
44
how many vertebrae and the range of movement in the thoracic spine
12 vertebrae flexion, extension, rotation and lateral flexion
45
how many vertebrae and the range of movement in the lumbar spine
5 vertebrae flexion, extension, hyperextension and lateral flexion
46
function of the spine
- facilitate movement - protect the spinal chord - support and distribute the body's weight - provide attachments to the skull, thorax and pelvic girdle - protect the central nervous system
47
what is the pelvis
two hip bones that join each other at the inter pubic joint. the pelvis is that bowl created from the two hip bones, the sacrum and the coccyx
48
movement of the pelvic girdle
- rotation to the right and left - lateral tilt to the right and left - slight forwards and backward movement
49
what is the hip
the hip joint supports the pelvis, which in turn supports the upper part of the body
50
movement of the hip
- flexion - horizontal flexion - extension - horizontal extension - adduction - abduction - rotation outwards - rotation inward
51
factors which impede or limit a dancers ability to achieve 'turnout'
- trying to turn out from the feet rather than using the lower hip extremity of the hip - limit of turnout should be determined by the natural turnout of the hip - if a hip joint is tight with a 30 degree turnout but the dancer achieves a 60 degree turnout by using the feet, the additional range has been obtained by twisting the knee which will cause injury over time
52
bones that make up the hip
- ilium - ischium - femur
53
what does the hind foot consist of
- calcaneus - talus - navicular - cuboid
54
what does the forefoot consist of
- 3 cuneiforms - 5 metatarsals - 14 phalanges
55
movement of the foot
- dorsi flexion (towards body) - plantar flexion (away from body) - inversion (inward rolling - sickling) - eversion (outward rolling - fish)

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