anatomy unit 3-5

Question 1

Structural parts of the cells

Answer 1

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
nucleus

Question 2

plasma membrane

Answer 2

outer boundary
thin two layered membrane of phopholipids
embedded w proteins
permeable

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

all cell substance from the nucleus to the plasma membrane

Question 4

cytoskeleton

Answer 4

internal framework

Question 5

ribosomes

Answer 5

two tiny subunit rRNA
protein factories

Question 6

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

rough er - folds and transport
smooth er - chemicals, makes new membrane

Question 7

golgi apparatus

Answer 7

flattened sacs near nucleus
packaged proteins

Question 8

mitochondria

Answer 8

power plants cell

Question 9

Lysosome

Answer 9

contains digestive enzymes
digestive bags

Question 10

centrosome

Answer 10

microtubules
cytoskeleton near nuclues

Question 11

cell extensions

Answer 11

microvilli
cilia
flagella

Question 12

nucleus

Answer 12

central structure of the cell
contains most of the genetic codes

Question 13

diffusion

Answer 13

substances scatter

Question 14

osmosis

Answer 14

diffusion of water

Question 15

filtration

Answer 15

movement of water and solutes
hydrostatic pressure on on side of membrane

Question 16

dialysis

Answer 16

diffusion of small solutes particles

Question 16

phagocytosis

Answer 16

cell eating
engulfs large particles
protective mechanism

Question 17

ion pumps

Answer 17

protein complex
uses ATP

Question 18

Active transport

Question 19

pinocytosis

Answer 19

cell drinking
dissolved substance into cells

Question 20

DNA

Answer 20

helix
master code of the cells

Question 21

genetic code

Answer 21

genetic information
stored in base pair sequences

Question 22

RNA and ribonucleic acid

Answer 22

copies genetic information from the nucleus and carries it to the cytoplasm

Question 23

protein synthesis

Answer 23

occurs in cytoplasm
transferring genetic information
from nucleus to cytoplasm
transcription translation

Question 24

cell growth

Answer 24

protein synthesis transcription - mRNA translation - involves synthesis of proteins in cytoplasm by ribosomes codon - a series of 3 nucleotides

Question 25

DNA replication

Answer 25

process by which each half of a DNA molecule become a whole molecule identical to the original DNA molecule

Question 26

Cell reproduction cell life cycle

Answer 26

two daughter cells interphase reproductinve of cell divisions

Question 27

prophase first stage

Answer 27

chromosomes appears centrioles move away spindle fibers appear nuclear envelope disappears, freeing genetic materia

Question 28

metaphase second stage

Answer 28

chromosome align across center of cell spindle fibers attach to each chromatic

Question 29

anaphase 3rd stage

Answer 29

separated chromatids are called chromosomes cleavage develops

Question 30

telophase fourth stage

Answer 30

nuclei appear in daughter cells nuclear envelope and nucleoli appear cytoplasm is divided (cytokinesis) daughter cells become fully functional

Question 31

tissue types extracellular matrix

Answer 31

tissues differ in the amount and kind of fluid between cells matrix is also called extracellular matrix (ECM) the matrix varies in amoun and composition among the various tissues epithelial tissues have any very little matrix because the cells are so closely connected

Question 32

cuboidal

Answer 32

cube shaped

Question 32

columnar

Answer 32

higher than they are wide

Question 32

epitheleal tissue

Answer 32

covers the body and many of its part

Question 33

squamous

Answer 33

flat and scalelike

Question 34

transition

Answer 34

varying shapes that can stretch

Question 35

simple and stratified

Question 36

connective tissue

Answer 36

most abundant and widely distributed tissue in body, with many different types, appearances, and function

Question 37

Areolar (loose connective tissue) f

Answer 37

fibrous glue that holds the organs together, collagenous and elastic fibers

Question 38

Adipose ( fat) tissue

Answer 38

lipid storage, metabolism regulation and brown fat produces heat

Question 39

connective tissues

Answer 39

Reticular - delicate net of collage fibers, as in bone marrow dense fibrous tissue - bundles of strong collagen fibers, and example is a tendon bone tissue - matrix is calcified/ functions as supports and protection cartilage - matrix is consistency of gristle like gel; chondrocyte cell blood tissue - matrix is flluid; functions are transportation and protection

Question 40

Muscle tissues

Answer 40

skeletal muscle tissue; attaches bones' also called striated or voluntary cardiac muscle - striated involuntary; heart wall ; cannot control contractions smooth muscle - nonstriated (visceral) or involuntary' found in blood vessels

Question 41

nervous tissue

Answer 41

function of nervous tissue is to provde rapid communication between body structures and control

Question 42

nerve cells

Answer 42

cell body one axon one or more dendrites supporting cells; glia or neuroglia