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Z Sem 2 Anatomy Unit 3 > Anatomy Unit 3 - Sheet10 > Flashcards

Anatomy Unit 3 - Sheet10 Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

end of spinal cord

A

L2

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2
Q

location of CSF

A

subarachnoid space

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3
Q

anterior spinal artery

A

branches of vertebral artery; runs through ventral median fissure

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4
Q

posterior spinal arteries

A

branches of posterior inferior cerebellar arteries and vertebral artery; anastomose with anterior spinal artery

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5
Q

radicular arteries

A

accompany dorsal and ventral roots of spinal nerves0

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6
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

separation of spinous process; lamina; inferior articular process from rest of vertebrae; typically L4 or L5 slippage

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7
Q

what runs through foramen transversarium

A

vertebral artery; sympathetic and venous plexi

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8
Q

atlas anterior arch

A

where anterior longitundinal ligament attaches

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9
Q

atlas lateral mass

A

superior facet where occiput articulates face upward and medial; transverse ligament attaches to medial aspect; inferior facets for articulation with C2

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10
Q

transverse ligament of atlas

A

separates dens from vertebral foramen

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11
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament attachments

A

discs; margins of vertebral bodies; loose attachment to intermediate levels of vertebral bodies

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12
Q

posteior longitudinal ligament attachments

A

discs; margins of vertebral bodies

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13
Q

SI joint cartilage

A

hyaline on sacrum; fibrocartilage on ilium

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14
Q

superficial cutaneous branches of cerivcal plexus

A

lesser occipital (C2); greater auricular (C2-3); transverse cervical (C2-3); supraclavicular (C3-4)

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15
Q

lesser occipital nerve

A

C2; provides sensation posterior to ear; wraps underneath SCM then goes superior; posterior to greater auricular

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16
Q

greater auricular nerve

A

C2-3; sensation of ear; wraps underneath SCM then goes superior; anterior to lesser occipital

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17
Q

transverse cervical nerve

A

C2-3; branches lie on top of SCM

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18
Q

supraclavicular nerve

A

C3-4; just posterior to SCM

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19
Q

muscles innervated by deep motor branches of cervical plexus; anterior medial

A

rectus capitus lateralis and anterior (C1-2); longus capitus (C1-3); longus colli (C2-7)

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20
Q

muscles innervated by deep motor branches of cervical plexus; anterior lateral

A

SCM (via accessory nerve C1-2); trap (via accessory nerve C2-4); levator scap (C3-4 and via dorsal scapular C4-5); middle and anterior scalenes

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21
Q

phrenic nerve

A

C3-5; lies on top of anterior scalene; part of cervical plexus

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22
Q

commuticating branches of cervical plexus

A

to vagus and hypoglossal nerves; nerves to thyrohyoid and geniohyoid run next to hypoglossal but not part of it

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23
Q

ansa cervicalis

A

superior root (C1) descends from hypoglossal nerve; innervates superior belly of omohyoid; inferior root from C2-3; loop innervates sternohyoid sternothyroid and inferior belly of omohyoid; loop lies on top of internal jugular vein

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24
Q

bones of the orbit

A

frontal zygomatic maxilla externally; internally sphenoid lacrimal palatine ethmoid

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25
cranial nerves in the orbit
optic (sight); oculomotor (intrinsic mucles; branch to ciliary ganglion); trochlear (superior oblique muscle); abducens (lateral rectus and abducent mucles); maxillary (leaves as infraorbital nerve; goes to pterygopalatine ganglion); opthalmic (anterior and posterior ethmoid nerves; branches to ciliary ganglion
26
arterial supply of eye
opthalmic artery is branch off internal carotid supplies extrinsic eye mucles; external carotid branches supply outside the orbit
27
tarsus of eye
skeleton of eyelids; provide stability for eyelid margin
28
2 muscles in upper eyelid
levator (innervated by oculomotor nerve); Mueller (innervated by sypathetic nerves)
29
TMJ joint types
upper: articular emminance to articular disc gliding joint; lower: disc to condyle of mandible hinge joint
30
motion of TMJ disc when opening mouth
anterior
31
posterior attachment of TMJ disc
retrodiscal lamina; superior portion attached to tympanic plate at posterior glenoid fossa; inferior portion attached to neck of condyle; both portions control how far you can open your mouth
32
retrodiscal pad
between inferior and superior portions; provides rich blood and neural supply to periphery of disc (middle portion is avascular and aneural)
33
most important ligament to limit motion of TMJ
temporalmandibular (lateral ligament); stablilizes lateral side of disc; from articular emminence to neck of condyle; inner portion attaches to disc
34
stylomandibular ligament
styloid process to posterior border of ramus of mandible; inserts between masseter and medial pterygoid
35
sphenomandibular ligament
from spine of sphenoid bone to middle surface of ramus of mandible (medial surface)
36
structures that attach to TMJ articular disc
lateral pterygoid (controls posterior motion while closing); temporomandibular ligament; inferior retrodiscal lamina limits anterior translation; superior retrodiscal lamina applies posterior force on disc when closing;
37
normal motion of TMJ disc
slightly more motion due to rotation; opening 40-50mm; retrodiscal tissue stretches 6-9mm; rotation happens first then translation
38
innervation of TMJ
primarily from mandibular branch of Trigeminal
39
arterial supply for TMJ
superficial temporal and maxillary arteries
40
translational limits of mandibular motion
6-9mm protrusion; 3mm retrusion; 8-11mm lateral deviation
41
fiber type of iliocostalis and longissimus
thoracic 75% slow twitch; short fibers long tendons; lumbar 50% fast/slow
42
angle of pull of pars lumborum neutral vs flexed spine
neutral: 45deg; flexed: 10deg; flexed has higher compressive forces
43
multifidi muscle type
mostly slow twitch; constant activity during low loads
44
upper cervical region
atlas and axis; rotation; flexion and extension
45
lower cervical
C3-7; flexion; rotation; sidebending
46
forward head alignment
forward translation and increased cervical extension; causes compression on facet joints and microtrauma to articular cartilage
47
flexion/extension in cervical spine accessory motion
coupled motion of translation and saggital rotation about frontal axis
48
rotation/sidebending accesory motion in cervical spine
coupled motion of sidebending and rotation in same direction about a vertical axis
49
intrinsic upper neck flexors
rectus capitus anterior and lateralis; longus capitus
50
intrinsic lower neck flexor
longus colli
51
extrinsic neck flexors
scalenes and SCM; cause more anterior translation and less saggital rotation than intrinsics
52
intrinsic neck extensors
suboccipitals; semispinalus capitus and cervicus; splenius capitis and cervicus; longissimus capitis and cervicis
53
extrinsic neck extensors
levator scap and upper trap
54
suboccipital triangle
medial: rectus capitus posterior major; superior and lateral: obliquus capitus superior; inferior and lateral: obliquus capitus inferior. Contains vertebral artery and first cervical nerve
55
boundaries of anterior abdominal wall
5th intercostal space; xiphoid process; infrasternal angle; iliac crest; asis; iguinal ligament; pubis
56
umbilicus spinal level
L3-4 interspace
57
paths of intercostal nerves in abdominal region
between internal oblique and transversus
58
cutaneous innervation of abdomen
T4-nipple; T10-umbilicus; L1-pubic bone
59
abdominal muscle layers
superficial to deep: external oblique; internal oblique; transversus
60
arcuate line
above line rectus runs through aponeurosis of internal oblique; below line rectus is deep to all other abdominal layers
61
external oblique
O: external surfaces of lower 8 ribs; interdigitates with serratus anterior and lats; I: most fibers insert into aponeurosis; fibers run down and medial; N: ventral rami of T6-12
62
internal oblique
O: posterior layer of throracodorsal fascia; iliac crest; inguinal line; I: cartilages of ribs 7-10 and aponeurosis; N: ventral rami T6-12 L1; join with transversus aponeurosis to form conjoint tendon
63
transversus
O: deep surface of costal cartilage of lower 6 ribs; I: thoracolumbar fascia iliac crest and inguinal ligament; N: ventral rami T6-12 L1
64
rectus abdominis
O: pubic symphysis and pubic crest; I: xyphoid process and costal cartilage of ribs 5-7
65
EO + IO opposite sides
flex and rotate trunk
66
IO bilateral + RA
trunk curl; increase infrasternal angle; posteriorly tilt pelvis
67
EO bilateral + RA
posterior tilt pelvis; decrease infrasternal angle
68
IO; EO; RA
stabilize spine against anterior shear of psoas
69
unilateral IO + EO
lateral pelvic tilt; lateral trunk flexion
70
what attaches on mastoid process of temporal bone?
posterior belly digastric; longissimus capitus; SCM
71
what attaches on transverse processes?
semispinalis capitus; longus capitus; longissimus; iliocostalis; scalenes; longus colli; multifidi; quadratus lumborum; intertransversarii; rotatores; splenius cervicis
72
what attches on spinous processes?
splenius capitus; multifidi; serratus posterior inferior and superior; rectus capitus posterior minor (C1); rectus capitus posterior major (C2); O and I of spinalis; interspinalis; spleneius cervicis
73
what attaches into thoracolumbar fascia
longissimus; iliocostalis; internal oblique; transverse abdominal

Z Sem 2 Anatomy Unit 3 (2 decks)

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