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GI > Anatomy- Upper Tract > Flashcards

Anatomy- Upper Tract Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

head

A

oral cavity

pharynx

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2
Q

neck

A

pharynx

oesophagus

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3
Q

chest

A

oseophagus

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4
Q

abdomen

A

stomach
small intestine
large intestine (most)
most accessory organs of GI tract

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5
Q

pelvis

A

rectum

anal canal

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6
Q

perineum

A

anus

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7
Q

functions

A

mastication
taste
deglutition
salivation

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8
Q

mastication

A

process of chewing
conducted by the movement of the jaw and tongue to breakdown food
facilitates taste and digestion by mixing food with saliva

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9
Q

adult dentition

A

32 teeth
all erupted by age 18
4 quadrants

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10
Q

TMJ articulations

A

articular tubercle
mandibular fossa
head of the condylar process

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11
Q

TMJs role

A

movement of opening and closing the jaw

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12
Q

what controls the movement of the TMJs?

A

4 muscles of mastication (3 close, 1 open)

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13
Q

nervous supply of the 4 muscles of mastication

A

mandibular division of trigeminal nerve- CN V3

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14
Q

4 muscles of mastication

A

temporalis
masseter
lateral pterygoid (open)
medial pterygoid

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15
Q

cavities of TMJs

A

2 divided by an articular disc
superior cavity for translation
inferior cavity for rotation

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16
Q

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

A

CNV3

sensory and motor fibres

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17
Q

course of CNV3

A

from pons
through foramen ovale
to muscles of mastication and sensory area

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18
Q

posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

A

vertical part
in oropharynx
taste and general sensation (CNIX)

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19
Q

anterior 2/3rds of tongue

A

horizontal part
in oral cavity
taste (CNVII)
general sensory (CNV3)

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20
Q

facial nerves

A

special sensory
sensory
motor
parasympathetic

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21
Q

course of facial nerve

A

from pontomedullary junction

travel through temporal bone via internal acoustic meatus then stylomastoid foramen

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22
Q

facial nerve supplys..

A

taste ant. 2/3rds of tongue
muscles of facial expression
glands in floor of mouth

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23
Q

superior half of the oral cavity sensation

A

gingiva of oral cavity and palate

general sensation CN V2

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24
Q

inferior half of the oral cavity sensation

A

gingiva of oral cavity and floor of mouth

general sensation CN V3

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25
gag reflex
protective reflex that prevents foreign bodies from entering the pharynx or larynx to touching the posterior wall of the oropharynx, the pharynx will constrict as the patient attempts to close it off as an entry point to the body
26
sensory part of the gag reflex
carried by nerve fibres within CN IX
27
motor part of the gag reflex
carried by nerve fibres within CN IX and CN X
28
maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
CN V2 | sensory fibres
29
course of CN V2
from pons through foramen rotundu, to sensory area (mid face)
30
glossopharyngeal nerve
``` CN IX special sensory sensory motor visceral afferent parasympathetic ```
31
course of CN IX
from medulla through jugular foramen to posterior wall of oropharynx (sensory), parotid gland (secrotomotor) and post 1/3rd tongue (sensation and taste)
32
salivary glands
3 pairs parotid submandibular sublingual
33
parotid gland
crosses face secretes into mouth by upper 2nd molar
34
submandibular gland
enters floor of the mouth and secretes via lingual caruncle
35
sublingual gland
lays in floor of mouth | secretes via several ducts superiorly
36
duct clogging/blockage
can cause swelling due to back up of secretions
37
tongue musculature
``` suspended in oral cavity by 4 pairs of skeletal muscles palatoglossus styloglossus genioglossus hyoglossus ```
38
extrinsic muscles of the tongue
function to change the position of the tongue during mastication, swallowing and speech
39
intrinsic muscles of the tongue
located mainly dorsally/posteriorly | modify the shape of the tongue during function
40
what innervates tongue muscles?
``` CN XII (hypoglossal) except palatoglossus ```
41
hypoglossal nerves
CN XII | motor only
42
course of CN XII
from medulla through hypoglossal canal to extrinsic and intrinsic muscle of tongue (except palatoglossus)
43
the pharynx
3 x circular (constrictor) 3 x longitudinal muscles both layers elevate the pharynx and larynx - attach to larynx - contract to shorten pharynx - raise the larynx to close over the laryngeal inlet
44
innervation of the pharynx
outer layer supplied by CN X (vagus) all insert onto the midline raphe inner layer supplied mainly by CN X and IX
45
circular muscles of the pharynx
constrictor muscles voluntary muscle overlap each other and contract sequentially
46
longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
skeletal (voluntary) muscle | inner layer
47
endoscopy
used to view inside of the GI tract | ask the patient to swallow as you insert the endoscope
48
swallowing
voluntary - tongue pushes bolus of food towards oropharynx involuntary - soft palate elevated, larynx elevated - cicrular layer of pharyngeal constrictor muscles contracts - bolus of food enters oesophagus and travels inferiorly by peristalsis
49
what closes the lips to prevent drooling durin swallowing?
orbicularis oris and cranial nerve VII
50
oesophagus
``` inferior continuation of laryngopharynx muscular tube (walls sit together when no food is present) ```
51
where does the oesophagus begin?
inferior edge of cricopharyngeus muscle (vertebral level C6)
52
spincters of oesophagus
anatomical upper sphincter (cricopharyngeus) and a physiological lower oesophageal sphincter aid in controlling food movement
53
oesophageal plexus
runs on surface to supply smooth muscle within its walls contains parasympathetic nerve fibres (vagal trunks) and sympathetic nerve fibres these fibres influence the enteric nervous system to speed up (P) or slow down (S) peristalsis
54
termination of the oesophagus
entering the cardia of the stomach
55
cervical constriction of the oesophagus
cricopharyngeus muscle
56
thoracic constriction of the oesophagus
arch of the aorta | left main bronchus
57
diaphragmatic constriction of the oesophagus
result of passing through diaphragm | lower oesophageal sphincter
58
what produces the lower oesophageal sphincter?
contraction of diaphragm intraabdominal pressure slighty higher than intragastric pressure oblique angle at which the oesophagus enters the cardia of the stomach
59
lower oesophaegal sphincter
helps reduce occurence of 'reflux' presence of a hiatus hernia will reduce effectiveness which can lead to symptoms of reflux abrupt changes in type of mucosa lining the wall - Z line
60
stomach location
lies mainly in the left hypochondrium, epigastric and umbilical regions

GI (9 decks)

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