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Week 3 - Nerve, Muscle and Movement > Anatomy - Wrist and Hand > Flashcards

Anatomy - Wrist and Hand Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

what is he thumb called?

A

pollex

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2
Q

what is the pointer finger called?

A

index forefinger

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3
Q

what is the middle finger called?

A

digitus medius

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4
Q

what is the ring finger called?

A

ring annularis

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5
Q

what is the pinky finger called?

A

little minimus

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6
Q

what is the bulge of muscle called on the side of the thumb?

A

thenar

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7
Q

what is the bulge of muscle called on the side of the pinky?

A

little minimus

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8
Q

what are the proximal carpals?

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform

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9
Q

what are the distal carpals?

A

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate , hamate

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10
Q

how many phalanges do we have?

A

14

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11
Q

how many bones are in the hand and wrist?

A

27

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12
Q

what is fascia?

A

holds tendons, BVs and nerves close to bones

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13
Q

what is retinacula?

A

in the wrist, thick deep fibrous band which holds tendons down preventing bowstrings (when flexing and extending hand)

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14
Q

where is the flexor retinaculum?

A

over anterior carpal bones, flexor tendons and median nerve pass under carpal tunnel)

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15
Q

where is the extensor retinaculum?

A

on the dorsal carpals, extensor tendons of the hand and digits pass underneath

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16
Q

what is the floor of the carpal tunnel?

A

concave arch of carpal bones
-covered by extrinsic palmar ligaments

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17
Q

what is the roof of the carpal tunnel?

A

flexor retinaculum,
attached to scaphoid and trapezium, pisiform and hamate

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18
Q

what is the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A

9 flexor tendons, vascular synovium and median nerves
-median nerve superficial to the tendons

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19
Q

what are the non pre-tensile movements?

A

not supposed to happen
pushing
hitting with flat hand ect

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20
Q

what are prehensile movements?

A

made for
grasp and grip
findamental movements of hand
dependent on positioning of fingers (digits 2-5) and thumb

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21
Q

what is over grip?

A

palm grasp
allows holding of tool or In punch
strong
long extrinsic flexors of fingers and intrinsic muscle in palm
wrist extended

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22
Q

what is a precision grip?

A

-fine control of manipulative movements
-grip between tips of fingers and thumb (opposition)
-often between thumb and index finger
-can involve other digits
-involves hold by extrinsic flexors and extensors
-precision from intrinsic muscles

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23
Q

what stops the ulna from articulating with the carpals?

A

articuclar disk

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24
Q

what are the movements capable between the radius and carpals?

A

adduct
neutral
extend
abduct
flex

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25
what movements occur at the metacarpophalangeal joints?
-metacarpals and proximal phalanges -flex/extend = wave bye -abduct/adduct = move fingers apart/back
26
what movements occur at the interphalangeal joints?
-proximal = prox + middle -distal = middle & distal -flex/extend =curl and straighten digits
27
what joint allows thumb movement?
between the trapezium and base 1st metacarpal
28
what movements occur at the thumb?
-abduction -adduction -extension -flexion -opposition -reposition
29
what are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?
belly inside palm -intricate movements and precision grip
30
what are the extrinsic muscles of the hand?
long flexors and extensors, belly outside hand -important in power grip -tendons enter hand deep to retinaculi -transverse digit in fibrous sheath
31
what are the most superficial flexors of the forearm?
palmaris longus flexor digitorum superficialis arise from medial epicondylitis of humerus -pass anterior to elbow -supplied by median nerve
32
what is the common flexor origin?
medial epicondyle of humerus
33
flexor digitorum superficialis?
-deepest of superficial flexors -through carpal tunnel and inserts base of middle phalanges digits 2-5 -flexes middle phalanges of each finger -but not the tips of the fingers
34
what muscle flexes the tips of fingers?
flexor digitorum profundus
35
what are the wrist flexor muscles
flexor carpi radialis/ulnaris
36
what are the deep flexor muscles of the fingers?
-flexor digitorum profundus -flexor pollicis longus arise from radius and ulna
37
flexor digitorum profundus?
proximal ant ulna and interosseous membrane passes through carpal tunnel inserts base of distal phalanges flexes distal phalanges of each finger median and ulnar nerve
38
what are the superficial intrinsic extensor muscles of the fingers?
extensor digitorum -extensor digiti minimi arise from lateral epicondyle humerus (common extensor origin)
39
extensor digitorum?
inserts distal and middle phalanges extends phalanges radial nerve
40
extensor indicis?
extends digit 2 arises from the posterior ulna inserts at the exterior expansion of digit 2 innervated by deep radial nerve
40
what are the deep extrinsic extensor muscles of the fingers?
extensor indices proximal to MP joint, all extensor tendons join triangular expansion and form hood over joint = extensor expansion hood
41
what are the extrinsic muscles of the thumb?
flexor pollicis longus extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis abductor pollicis longus
42
flexor pollicis longus?
anterior origin- deep; radius and interosseous membrane inserts - base distal phalanx same plane as flexor digitorum
43
extensor pollicis longus?
posterior origin - deep; ulna and interosseous membrane inserts - base distal phalanx
44
extensor pollicis longus?
posterior origin - deep; post R and interooseois membrane inserts - base of proximal phalanx forms border of snuff box
45
abductor pollicis longus?
posterior origin - post surface R/U and interooseous membrane inserts - base 1st metacarpal forms border of snuff box
46
what nerves supply the intrinsic muscles of the fingers?
radial and ulnar nerves
47
what muscles make up the hypothenar eminence?
abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi opponens digiti minimi attach to pisiform, hamate and flexor retinaculum act on digit 5 innervated by ulnar nerve
48
what do the thenar eminence muscles do?
attach trapezium & scaphoid and lateral flexor retinaculum insert on phalanges of thumb innervated by median nerve
48
what muscles make up the thenar eminence?
abductor pollicis brevis - abducts thumb superficial flexor pollicis brevis - draws thumb across palm, deep and med to absuctor opponens pollicis - opposition - deepest (sits under APB)
49
which tendon of the finger splits?
flexor digiti superficialis
50
what are the lumbricles?
-4 deep muscles, median and ulnar nerve -arise form tendons of FDP, no bony origin -insert extensor expansions of digit 2-5 -flex digits at MP joints & extend IP joints
51
what are the interossei muscles
-sit in between metacarpal bones -dep -abduct and adduct digits
52
what are the palmar muscles of the interossei?
adduct, ulnar nerve -small, arise from metacarpals 2,4 and 5 insert - phalanges 2,4 and 5 adduct fingers
53
what are the dorsal interossei muscles?
-abduct, ulnar nerve -larger, arise from 2 adjacent metacarpals -insert into ext expansions & proximal phalanges 2-4 -abduct fingers
54
which muscle is a powerful supinator of the forearm?
biceps brachii
55
where is the common flexor origin?
medial epicondyle
56
which carpal has a hook?
hamate
57
which nerve supplies sensory innervation to the medial aspect of the hand?
ulnar
58
Which "boat-shaped" carpal bone is palpated in the anatomical snuffbox and may be fractured in a fall onto an outstretched hand?
scaphoid
59
Which artery is palpable laterally at the wrist in the anatomical snuffbox?
radial
60
Which nerve travels through the supinator muscle?
radial
61
which nerve is responsible for thumb opposition?
median
62
Which is the correct position of brachial artery, median nerve, and median cubital vein in relation to the bicipital aponeurosis?
Only the median cubital vein is superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis, the other two are deep to it
63
Which nerve supplies the pronator teres muscle?
median
64
Which structure forms the medial border of the anatomical snuffbox in the wrist?
Tendon of extensor pollicis longus muscle
65
Which carpal bone is most frequently fractured?
scaphoid
66
The ulnar tunnel (of Guyon) transmits which structure (s)?
ulnar nerve and artery
67
What is innervation of lumbrical muscles in hand?
half median and half ulnar nerve
68
Which structure is palpable proximally in the anatomical snuffbox of hand?
Radial styloid process

Week 3 - Nerve, Muscle and Movement (7 decks)

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