Ancient and Classical (10,000 BCE- 600 CE) Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
Homo sapiens
A
Bipedal primates
2
Q
Projectile points
A
Spears, arrows, axes and knifes
3
Q
Language
A
Compilation of words and symbols; communication
4
Q
Animist
A
Belief that spirits live in the natural world
5
Q
Neolithic Revolution
A
discovery of agriculture and settlements were made
6
Q
sland-and-burn agriculture
A
slash the bark on the trees and burn them
7
Q
breeding of animals
A
making animals more abundant
8
Q
surplus
A
amount above what is used to needed
9
Q
job specialization
A
specific jobs needed other than farming
10
Q
gender roles
A
Men and Women roles in society
11
Q
copper
A
foundation for other medals
12
Q
bronze
A
alloy of copper and tin
13
Q
wheel
A
helps with transporation of wagons or carts
14
Q
Pastoral Nomadism
A
owned a herd of domesticated animals and lived off of what they produced
15
Q
marketplace
A
large economic center
16
Q
Fertile Crescent
A
area around the Tigris and Euphrates with the most fertile land for agriculture
17
Q
Sumer
A
Indus Valley Civilization in 3000 BCE
18
Q
free commoners
A
peasants, builders, craftsmen, scribes
19
Q
dependent clients
A
no property, worked on estates of others
20
Q
slave
A
worked for others, generally prisons of war
21
Q
hieroglyphics
A
written language developed in Egypt
22
Q
polytheistic
A
belief in more than one god
23
Q
Harappa
A
One of the two largest Indus cities
24
Q
Mohenjo-Daro
A
one of the two largest Indus cities
25
Vedas
hyms, songs, prayers, rituals with Aryans
26
caste system
social structure
27
varnas
Aryans caste system
28
Huange He/ Yellow River
China where river valleys were made; got its name from loess deposits
29
loess
yellow sand substance
30
Shang
northern China territory (1766-1122 BCE)
31
Oracle bones
predict the future on tortoise shells
32
Zhou
China territory (1122-256 BCE)
33
Mandate of Heaven
developed by Zhou; god granted the power to rule
34
veneration of ancestors
family was most important
35
Olmecs
settled around Gulf of Mexio in 1500 BCE
36
San Lorenzo
religious, political, economical center for population
37
La Venta
important center for the Olmecs
38
Colossal Heads
believed to be respresenting leadership
39
Andean heartland
beans, peanuts, sweet potatoes
40
Chavin
important religious cult
41
Axial Age
600 BCE major religions and philosophies address questions and concerns not answered by previous traditions
42
Hinduism
following dharma, recieving karma, reaching samsara. endind reincarnation my reaching moksha
43
dharma
duty of life
44
karma
all deeds done
45
samsara
accumulation of good karma
46
reincarnation
rebirth after death
47
moksha
oneness with the universe
48
caster system
four varnas; brahmins, ksatriyas, vaisyas, shudras, untouchables (Aryan)
49
Brahmin
priest, scholors
50
ksatriyas
warriors, ruling class
51
vaisyas
farmers, busnessmen
52
shudras
servants
53
untouchables
the lowest class
54
Buddhism
established by Siddhartha Gautama. the four noble truths, eightfold path and nirvana were the key concepts. MIssionaries like Asoka spread Buddhism
55
Siddhartha Gautama
meditated under a bodhi tree and became Buddha
56
Buddha
enlightened one
57
four noble truths
all life is suffering, suffering is caused by desire, suffering can end, follow the EIghtfold path to end suffering
58
eightfold path
right conduct, understanding, purpose, speech, livelihood, effort, awareness and concentration.
59
nirvana
union witht he universe.
60
missionaries
people who spread religion
61
Asoka
Buddhist missionary
62
Era of Warring States
time of constant fighting and disorder
63
Legalism
man is evil and needs strict laws and punsihment
64
Confucianism
ren, li and filial piety are key concepts. rulers ruled by moral example and followed 5 key relationships
65
ren
appropiate feleings
66
li
correct action
67
filial piety
respect for one';s parents
68
moral example
act how you want subjects to act
69
5 key relationships
ruler-subject, father-son, husband-wife, older brother-younger brother, friend-friend
70
Daoism
established by Laozi who made Tao te Ching/Dao te Ching. Dao means the way, way of nature, way of the cosmos, the main concept was wu wei.
71
Laozi
established Daoism, made Tao/Dao te Ching
72
Tao/Dao te Ching
collection of Daoist wisdoms
73
Dao
the way, way of nature, way of the cosmos
74
wu wei
act by not acting
75
Exodus
Flight of Hebrews from Egypt with Moses
76
YHWH
Yahweh, the god Hebrews(Jews) worshiped
77
Ten Commandments
stone tablets with commandments to live by
78
monotheistic tradition
belief in one god
79
Israel
Southwest Asia, a Jewish state
80
Diaspora
scatter of Christians by Roman Empire
81
Jesus
source of Christianity
82
Judea
South region of ancient Palestine
83
Kingdom of God
God created all things and heaven
84
eternal life
soul moves on to heaven with God
85
Nestorion Christianity
Southweat Asian Christrianity branch
86
polis
city state
87
Sparta
military strength
88
Athens
democratic principles
89
persian war
Anatolia revolted
90
Delian League
alliance of Greeks against Persians
91
Peloponnesian War
between Athens and Sparta
92
King Philip II
consolidated Greek control
93
Alexander
conquered Persians and created the Hellenistic Empire and Era
94
Hellenistic Empire and Era
divided among generals Antigonid, Plolemaic, Secleucid.
95
patriarchal
male dominance in society
96
Socrates
put on trial for corrupting youth; asks why
97
Plate
wrote The Republic
98
Aristotle
wrote on biology, physics, astronomy, politics, ethics.
99
small regional kingdoms
city-state
100
decentralized
independent
101
Mauryans
began centralized rule
102
Chandragupta Maurya
dominated and set up bureaucracy
103
Ashoka
continued to conquer after Chandragupta Maurya
104
Gupta Empire
320 BCE
105
Silk Road
traderoute connecting India with Chine to Central Asia
106
Three Schools of Thought
Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism
107
Qin Shihuangdi
tried Legalism in Qin Dynasty
108
Great Wall
constructed under rule of Qin Shihuangdi
109
Han Dynasty
206-220 BCE
110
Wu Di
built roads and canals establishing imperial university with Confuciansim developing the civil service exam
111
Civil service exam
entry test for government jobs
112
tributary system of trade
did not trade with inferior neighbors and demanded tribute from neighboring groups
113
scholor-gentry
highest social class
114
family
living member and ancestors
115
ancestors
dead relatives
116
paper
made in China from porous leaf
117
republic
people elect theri representatives
118
patricians
wealthy class that dominated electing assembly
119
plebeians
created tension between patricians and commoners
120
empire
one ruler
121
Julius Caesar
led army in many conquests and make himself dictator for life.
122
Pax Romana
2 1/2 centuries of Roman Peace; economy growth and cities emerged
123
Twelve Tablets
system of laws such as you are innocent until proven guilty
124
pater familias
eldest mal rules as father
125
Roman Lake
Mediterranean Sea, surrounded by Roman Empire
126
Settlement
making a permanent home
