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Ancient China Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

pre-imperial china

A

6500 years ago, they made villages on fertile farming lands around Hung and Yangtze rivers

different ethnic groups formed different kindoms/societies

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2
Q

Definition of dynasties.

A

Families whose members controlled government over several generations​

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3
Q

what were the dynasties of ancient china?

A

Xia
Shang
Zhou

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4
Q

Shang dynasty

A

written records on oracle bones?
lots of bronze
feudalism
ended over revolution

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5
Q

Zhou dynasty

A

“mandate of heave” right to rule from god
strengthened fuedelism

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6
Q

Wanning states

A

war between nobles
Qin became emperor of imperial china

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7
Q

Qin dynasty

A

Terracotta warriers
Central government
high taxes=rebellion
Liu pang defeats qin

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8
Q

Wanning states

A

war between nobles
Qin became empereor

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9
Q

Qin dynasty

A

central government
high taxes led to rebellion
Liu Pang defeats Qin

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10
Q

Han dynasty (Gaozu)

A

first leader
disbanded armies
reduced taxes and easier laws

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11
Q

Han dynasty (Han Wudi)

A

7th emperor
people rebelled because of taxes

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12
Q

Han dynasty (Wang Mang)

A

blamed for the famine
group called Red eyebrows made an army to rebel against him

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13
Q

Han dynasty (Eunuchs and Yellow Turbans)

A

Eunuchs performed tasks that the Han people didn’t
Government weakens
rebellion by a group called Yellow Turbans

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14
Q

When did the Han dynasty fall?

A

220 CE

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15
Q

what are the two main areas of ancient china

A

East- 1/3 of Ancient china- made for farming and history
Remaining 2/3- unsuitable for farming because of the climate and lanforms

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16
Q

What rivers were there in ancient China and what would they use for?

A

Huang, Yangtze and Xi
transport routes
water supplies
floods=rich farming land

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17
Q

What was the natural boundaries of ancient China?

A

The mountain ranges (himilayes) to the west.
The Great Wall of China to the North
Pacific Ocean to the east.

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18
Q

what was the social structure in Ancient China?

A
  1. The Shi
  2. The Nong
  3. The Gong
  4. The Shang
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19
Q

The shi

A

ruling groups of nobles, scholars and officals

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20
Q

the nong

A

farmers and their families

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21
Q

the gong

A

artisans and crafts people

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22
Q

the shang

A

merchants and traders
looked down upon

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23
Q

emperor def.

A

the ruling leader of China

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24
Q

90% of the 60 million people in Imperial China were the group of (class):

A

the nong

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25
What Ancient Chinese religions were there
Daoism and Buddism
26
What did Daoism teach
to live simply, in harmony with nature and avoid ambition
26
If people followed the Daoism 'way' what did they belive would happen
they would live forever: become immortal
27
what became the official belief system for Ancient China
Confucianism
28
what did Confucianism teach
a worthy person would be honest, loyal and self sacrificing and that evil was the result of a poor upbringing
29
what did Confucianism teach in houses
Family members should be loyal and respect one another Eldest man was in charge
30
what were the 'four noble truths' according to Buddhism
1. All existence suffering. 2. Suffering=desire​ 3. Nirvana=beyond individual needs, desires or suffering. 4. Achieve Nirvana=eightfold path, which reflects ethical behaviour, wisdom and mental discipline.
31
what did Buddhism teach
people were incarnated until they reached Nirvana
32
what did a peasants life look like (seasons)
summer-care for crops autumn-harvest winter-repair tools/down time spring-plough
33
what did Qin Shi Huangdi do for China
unified china established central government
34
what building structures were made under Qin Shi Huangdi
Great wall-prevent invasion from the North Terracotta Warriors Tomb
35
standardism:
strengthened governments authority laws and punishments same throughout china
36
Qin Shi Huangdi did this through government:
divided china in 36 areas rejected feudalism only 1 offical contoled the army
37
what legalism limits opposition was made under Qin Shi Huangdi
didn't tolerate opposition to his rule
38
what was the "Burning of the Books" under Qin Shi Huangdi
got rid of the "old ways" by burning books on them
39
how did peasants work the land (with what tools)
hand tools only few could afford iorn ploughs or oxen used pulled carts rich people had horses
40
during the Han dynasty there were __ periods of ________, ________, ________
20 droughts, famine, food
41
what was the irrigation of Ancient China
leeve=prevent flooding and split river into 2 channels
42
what was the effect of irrigation on Ancient China after 8 yrs
20m wide channels through the mountins solved flood problem additional farmland
43
what does confucianism, ancient philosophy, stand for:
justice repect for elders morally correct education
44
what was the clothing and status in ancient china?
robes were worn: fiabrics (silk)=weathly only fibers (hemp)=lower classes colour/patterns=status yellow=emperor/dragons/stars
45
what were the funeral customs in ancient china?
washed and dressed jade on top of the eyes/nose coffin made from a tree music to free the spirit public wailing
46
what was the mausoleum of Quin Shi Huangdi
246 BCE Grand Tomb-Terracotta warriors builders were buried alive
47
what is Daoism/Taosim
religion/philosophy meditation/compassion started in the warning periods no action (minimal inetrferance) 20% of population still alive today
48
how were the wealthy buried
wonderful tombs, decorations, sculptures and artworks
49
what did emperors sometimes have buried with them? Why?
servants buried alive clay models of servants and animals showed their status
50
Under Han Wudi what happened (land)
took control of land in central Asia: Manchuria and Korea in the North Vietnam in the south
51
what were the tombs of the Han dynasty like
underground with a large walled complex: buildings, gateways, observation towers and avenues
52
What was the Qinming festival
people visited their ancestors graves originated 7th century BCE Confucius put great emphasis on it
53
The Qin and Han emperors improved military reforms of the Warring States period (what did they do)
permanent armies with professionally trained soilders, led by generals, who were promoted according to their abilities
54
Han relied on __________ soilders so their permanent armies were much _______ than during the Qin dynasty
volunteers smaller
55
what were some of the key principals of Sunzi's tactics
caculate chance of victory avoid direct conflict unity is essential in strength of the army work out what the enemy is thinking environment as a weapon use spies
56
armies mainly consisted of __________ and ___________ three man __________ with a driver, archer and solider wielding a _______
infantry (foot soldiers) cavalry (soldiers on horseback) chariot halberd (bronze dagger mounted on a pole)
57
Han Wudi imported _____________ to replace _______ ponies which gave them greater __________ and horses that could bear more ________ of the heavy ________ and __________
large horses mongolian speed weight armour weaponry
58
silk:
made by chinese but kept a secret high value-curenncy
59
silk road
major trading paths han dynasty provided travel through difficult and hot terranins buddism spread because of it
60
chinese merchants got great ________ from trading on the road and that _______ their status in society
wealth improved
61
what were the four great inventions that Ancient china made
printing gunpowder paper compass
62
Acupuncture and Chinese Herbal Medicine are both legacies for ancient china
just btw
63
What did Han do about the importance of learning
re-established it after the burning of the books
64
Chinese made ______-______ a method of __________ self defence which combined phyical exercise and training of the mind
tai-chi unarmed

History (4 decks)

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