Ancient China - Religion

Question 1

Order of Dynasties

Answer 1

• Shang
• Zhou (Western and Eastern (Spring-Autumn and Warring States))
• Qin
• Han
• Ming
• Ching

Question 2

Shang Dynasty

Answer 2

First registered Chinese dynasty, it’s consider the beginning of Chinese history. Ruled in the yellow river valley.

Question 3

Di

Answer 3

Supreme god and sky deity in China’s traditional religion

Question 4

Shamanism

Answer 4

Earliest and most widespread religion in China who claimed the ability to make direct contact with ancestors and gods

Question 5

Divination

Answer 5

The methodology/practice of seeking knowledge of the future or the unknown by supernatural means

Question 6

Oracle Bones

Answer 6

Turtle shells and/or shoulder bow of a cow used to get answers of the future.
The question was written on these bones and put them on fire until it cracked.

A form of Divination

Question 7

Zhou

(Joe)

Answer 7

It started as a dependent state in the Wei Valley to then become the most lasting and revered of all dynasties in China and ended when the Qin state captured the city of Chengzhou

Question 8

Mandate of Heaven

Answer 8

New ideology that justified the replacement of the Shang by the Zhou

Western Zhou

Question 9

Book of Changes

Answer 9

A head of cilantro put inside of a book, close it and the impression was the answer

Zhou’s new way of divination

Question 10

Laozi

Answer 10

Old Master
Creator of Daoism

Question 11

Daoism

(Taoism)

Answer 11

Higher indigeous form of religion. it accepts the world as it comes, avoiding struggles and deviating as little as possible

Eastern Zhou - Spring-Autumn period

Question 12

Classic of the Way of Virtue

Answer 12

Essential Taoism book that make up the most influencial religious and philosophical writings of Chinese tradition

Question 13

Literati Daoism

(Philosophical Daoism)

Answer 13

Rulers should emulate the female and conquer through stillness and gentleness, abandon profit and there will be peace

Began with “Classic of the Way of Virtue”

Question 14

Longevity Daoism

(Yangsheng)

Answer 14

It is link with medical ideas, emphasizes health and longetivity

Question 15

Alchemy

Answer 15

Internal
Special practices to develop/promote longevity
External
Practice to make gold and develop compounds to create inmortality

Prcatices to preserve their energy

Question 16

Wu-Wei

Answer 16

Without effort
Action without action
Effortless doing

Daoism ideology

Question 17

Ying and Yang

Answer 17

Represents the nature of male and female roles, complementing each other.
Yang: sun, active, bright and shinning (man)
Ying: moon, passive, shaded and reflective (woman)

Question 18

Devotional Daoism

(Communal Daoists)

Answer 18

Deified master Lao, began to pray to him and other spirits.

(Shaped the religion we know now)

Question 19

Highest Clarity

Answer 19

A group with organized priests, scriptures and temples

Question 20

Confucianism

Answer 20

Believes in ancestors worship and human-centered virtues. How you behave in these relationships, will determine your destiny

Warring States period - (Ying and Yang philosophy)

Question 21

The Hundred Schools of Thought

Answer 21

• Mozi
• Confucius
• Mencius
• Xunzi
• Hanfeizi
• Sunzi

Question 22

Confucius

Answer 22

A knightly aristocrat that belived nobody should be denied education. Wanted to return the early Zhou ideas through rituals and relations

“Father” of Confucianism (Ren, Li)

Question 23

Li

Answer 23

An ideology where everyone and everything is in it’s proper place

(Social and religious connotation)

Question 24

Ren

Answer 24

Confucian virtue denoting the good quality of a virtous human when being altruistic.
Wishing to establish himself, he seeks to establish others

Worked with the 5 Fundamental Relationships

Question 25

Fundamental Relationships

Answer 25

1. Ruler and Subject 2. Parent - Child 3. Spouse - Spouse 4. Younger sibling - Older sibling 5. Older friend - Younger friend

Question 26

Mozi

Answer 26

Artisan who critized how Confucianism was elaborated. Emphasized in unviersal love, social oreder, honoring the worthy and follow the will of Heaven | Mohism

Question 27

Mencius

Answer 27

Confucianism philosopher that taught, popularized and counseled rulers about this ideology. He believed peolpe were inherently good, theey just need a virtous leader to live harmoniously. | Confucius diciple

Question 28

Xunzi

Answer 28

Confucianism thinker who believed the human nature is evil, education and rituals were key to self-cultivation and people had to be compelled to make good choices

Question 29

Qin

Answer 29

First empire in China, was totalitarism. Sacrificing personal freedom for the good of the state, established one writting system, law and correct the axle lenght.

Question 30

Shi Huandi

Answer 30

First emperor. Formed the Qin Empire

Question 31

Legalism

Answer 31

Political philosophy that taught people were inheritely corrupt and need laws to behave orderly

Question 32

Hanfeizi

Answer 32

The greatest of China's legalist philosopher

Question 33

Li Si

Answer 33

Legalist prime minister of the Qin state that suppressed Confucianism and Mohism | (Xunzi diciple)

Question 34

Sunzi

Answer 34

Most famous military strategist, he rather used knowledge than armed army and aimed to use as little combat as possible to include the resources of the enemy | Wrote "The Art of War"

Question 35

The Art of War

Answer 35

Is an ancient Chinese military treatise attributed to Sun Tzu, a high-ranking military general, strategist and tactician

Question 36

Han

Answer 36

Liu Bang led one of the main rebel armies to then established last Chinese Dynasty

Question 37

Gaozu

Answer 37

First Han emperor who reduced taxes and included Confucianism in the government.

Question 38

Sima Qian

Answer 38

Was a Chinese historian of the Han dynasty. He is considered the father of Chinese historiography for his work, the Records of the Grand Historian

Question 39

Buddhism

Answer 39

Religious ideology where you have to master yourself by following spiritual rituals to achieve enlightened or nirvana | 3 types of Buddhism

Question 40

Buddha | Siddhartha Gautama or Gautama Shakyamuni

Answer 40

A spiritual teacher that enlightens common people to achieve Nirvana | Prime near the Himalaya mountains

Question 41

Eightfold Path

Answer 41

1. Right view 2. Right resolve 3. Right speech 4. Right conduct 5. Right effort 6. Right livelihood 7. Right mindfulness 8. Right samadhi (meditation) | Way to achieve Nirvana

Question 42

4 Noble of Truths

Answer 42

1. Truth of suffering: lif is suffering 2. Truth of the cause of suffering: suffering is by our attachment to what we have and what we don't 3. Truth of the end of suffering: there is a way to end our dessire and suffering 4. Truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering

Question 43

Theravada

Answer 43

Self mastery Join the Sangha and get enlighten by it or give alms | 1st type of Buddhism

Question 44

Mahayana

Answer 44

Big vehicle design to help people to find enlightment | 2nd type of Buddhism

Question 45

Amitabha | (Pure Land Buddhism)

Answer 45

Focus on achieving rebirth in Buddha's field or Pure Land | A Mahayana branch

Question 46

Chan | (Tibetan)

Answer 46

Mix of Daoism ideologies an instantaneously enlighten | 3rd type of Buddhism

Question 47

Sangha

Answer 47

Community or a monastery were monks/nuns lived together and dedicated their live to follow the eigthfold path

Question 48

Vinaya

Answer 48

Book with the rules of the sangha (monastery)

Question 49

Nirvana | (Moksha)

Answer 49

A transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, a way to scape reincarnation | Goal in Buddhism

Question 50

Karma

Answer 50

Your present and previous actions would determine your fate in future existences

Question 51

Reincarnation

Answer 51

Philosophical belief that the soul or spirit begins a new life in a new body after the biological death

Question 52

Boddhisatva

Answer 52

Someone who obtained Nirvana but decided to stay in this world to help others to find enlighten

Question 53

Stupas

Answer 53

A Buddhist shrine used for meditation. Large earthen mounds symbolizing the universe

Question 54

Vedas

Answer 54

Religious texts that are the main resource of information of the Hindu religion

Question 55

Alms

Answer 55

Donnations

Question 56

Varna

Answer 56

Refers to the social class divisions made in religious books | (castes)

Question 57

Jati

Answer 57

Birth groups who have their proper occupations, duties and rituals. Indicates a form of existence determine by birth | (caste)

Question 58

Dasa

Answer 58

A slave or servant of God | (caste)

Question 59

Hong-Wu | (1368 - 1398)

Answer 59

The founder and first emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He created a law protecticting slaves and freee citizens