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Ancient Greece 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Direct Democracy?

A

All citizens meet to debate and vote on government matters

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2
Q

Who has/had Direct Democracy?

A

Athens

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3
Q

Why would a country select a Direct Democracy?

A

If it was small country with a small number of citizens

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4
Q

What is it a Representative Democracy?

A

Citizens elect a group of people to make laws and govern

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5
Q

Who had/has a Representative Democracy?

A

U.S

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6
Q

Why would a country select a Representative Democracy?

A

If they had a large population

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7
Q

What it a philosopher?

A

Someone who reflects or thinks about the meaning of life

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8
Q

Men-Upper Class

A

Socialized at dinners discussing politics and philosophy

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9
Q

Men-Lower Class

A

Farmers

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10
Q

Men-Other

A

Worked mornings and exercised at night and only citizens had political rights

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11
Q

Women-Upper Class

A

Spun, wove, dyed cloth and didn’t normally leave home

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12
Q

Women-Lower Class

A

Helped with farming or sold goods

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13
Q

Women-Other

A

Couldn’t go to school, educated weren’t treated equal, and were always under men

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14
Q

When was Greeces golden age?

A

461 B.C to 429 B.C

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15
Q

Who was Pericles?

A

The main leader and general of Athens during the Golden Age

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16
Q

How did Pericles change the government in Athens?

A

He let every citizen have a chance at a government position based on ability

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17
Q

What did he do to rebuild Athens?

A

Built temples,monuments, and statues, supported artists, writers, and teachers

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18
Q

When and who formed the Delian League?

A

478 B.C, the Greek city states and Sparta didn’t join

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19
Q

What was its purpose?

A

To defend its members against the Persians

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20
Q

How did the city states support the league?

A

Athens provided league with sailors and soldiers and other city states provided money

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21
Q

What caused the league to fail?

A

Athens was the strongest city state and began controlling the other members

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22
Q

What caused the Peloponnesian War to begin in 431 B.C?

A

Athens interfered with Sparta’s alliances and allies pressured Sparta to attack

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23
Q

What was Sparta’s strength?

A

Strong army in open battle

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24
Q

What was Athens’ strength?

A

Powerful navy since Sparta didn’t have one

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25
Why did the Peloponnesian war last so long?
Sparta surrounded Athens but their navy provided supplies and for 25 years neither side could defeat each other
26
How did the Peloponnesian War end?
Sparta made a deal with the Persians to trade land in Anatolia in return for money for a navy
27
How did the Peloponnesian War affect Greek city states?
City states were weak and divided, people died, farms were destroyed, young Greeks left to join Persian army
28
How did the city states interact after the war?
Sparta ruled them all until they rebelled
29
How did the Greek empire lose its power?
Thebes took over then collapsed when Macedonia wanted to expand and took over
30
What is a myth?
A traditional story about gods and heroes that explains a cultures belief
31
What is a ritual?
Words or actions that are part of a religious ceremony
32
What is an oracle?
A priestess who speaks to the gods and answers questions about the future
33
What is a fable?
A short story with a moral that teaches a lesson
34
What is a drama?
A story told by people who act out events
35
What is a tragedy?
A drama with unhappy ending
36
What is a comedy?
A drama with a happy ending
37
What did the Greeks believe about their gods and goddesses?
Believed they made prophecies about the future, affected our everyday lives, had powers, and looked/acted human
38
How did the Greeks worship their gods and goddesses?
In a temple they performed rituals, festivals, and feasts, prayed and offered gifts, and believed the gods were pleased with skills in arts and athletics
39
What role did oracles play in the religion?
They told the people for advice on the future
40
Who was Aesop?
A storyteller who is credited for writing fables but historians don't think he was real
41
Describe a specific fable
Tortoise and the Hare- Hate stops because he's sure he'll win, but Tortoise beats him
42
How were fables told?
Orally
43
What is an Epic?
A long poem about a hero
44
Who was Homer?
He wrote Epics in the 700's namely the Iliad and the odyssey
45
Describe he classical style
It's a style of Greek art and expressed ideals of reason and harmony
46
Art and sculpture
Painted wall paintings and on pottery with red and black paint and sculptures showed no flaws
47
Architecture
Built marble buildings with large columns
48
How were dramas told?
Men acted all parts during religious ceremonies
49
Aeschylus
1st writer of drama who wrote Oresteia a play about the Trojan war and evil acts causing more even acts
50
Sophocles
Wrote tragedies like Antigone about a character ordered to do something wrong
51
Euripides
Wrote tragedies on suffering caused by war
52
Aristophanes
Wrote comedies with jokes that poked fun at leaders
53
What is a Sophist?
A teacher in Ancient Greece
54
What is a rhetoric?
The art of public speaking and debate or formal argument
55
What is the Socratic Method?
Philosophical method of questioning to gain truth
56
Who were the Sophists?
Teachers who thought students should improve themselves
57
What did Sophists believe?
Gods were not in everyday life and there was not absolute right or wrong
58
Who was Socrates?
An artist in Athens who didn't agree with Sophists
59
What did he believe?
He believed there was an absolute truth and anyone could learn anything
60
How did he die?
Sentenced to death, so he drank poison
61
Who was Plato?
Socrates student who wrote The Republic and started The Academy
62
What did he believe about women?
He believed they should be educated and do the same jobs as men
63
What did he believe about the government?
Didn't believe everyone could make good decisions
64
Who was Aristotle?
Student of Plato who wrote 200 books on government, planets, and health
65
What did he teach at the Lyceum?
Golden Mean- the idea that people should live moderately
66
What did he believe about government?
Thought a mix of monarchy, oligarchy, democracy
67
Herodotus
Father of history- tried to sort fact from legend
68
Thucydides
Wrote The History of the Peloponnesian Wars didn't believe the gods affected everyday life
69
Thales of Miletus
Famous scientist in 600 B.Cs that thought water was the basis of all matter
70
Pythagoras
Scientific studies who believed all relationships could be expressed in numbers
71
Hippocrates
Studied medicine and believed disease had natural causes
72
Where was Macedonia?
North of Greece
73
How did Philip make Macedonia powerful?
He took control of city states one by one by learning how to fight like them
74
How did Philip 2 conquer the Greek city states?
Defeated by battle, bribery and cavalry
75
Who was Alexander the Great?
Philip II son who took his vet at 20
76
What was the Hellenistic era?
Time period after death when Greek ideas were spread and used
77
What is cavalry?
Soldiers on horses

History (4 decks)

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