Ancient Greece Flashcards by Maggie Schutter

Origins of Western civilization

Minoans – Island of Crete

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What factors contributed to the rise of Minoan society?

large navy and merchant fleet
prolonged peace
cultural contact with Egypt & the Near East
-Mesopotamia

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Causes of Mycenae’s war with Troy

2 major rivals

Helen
Blocked (Mycenaen) tade routes
Clash of cultures

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How did Mycenaen society come to an end

Through a series of invasions by the Dorians

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Whn were the Greek Dark Ages?

1100 - 800 BCE

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What was life like during the Greek Dar Ages?

constant warfare
art and culture decreased
people went back to nomadic hunt/gather
deep-rooted hatreds develop
no centralization

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What was the impact of Greek colonizatino (800 - 500 BCE)?

Greek colonies took on the image of Greek city-states; colonies expanded trade and resources; diffusion of Greek culture; war with Persia; development of humanism

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What is Humanism?

the belief that people are good and have unlimited potential when given the opportunity; self reliant; capable of great achievement

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List the political reforms of Solon

cancelled all debt (public/private)
made everyone equal under the law
trial by jury (used lottery system)
Amnesty for political crimes
Graduated tax system

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Lies the political reforms of Cleisthenes

made all Athenian men voting members of the Assembly
transforms Athens from a dictarorship to direct democracy
Establishes ostracism (loss of citizenship & property and exiled for 10 years)

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What was the role of the individual in Sparta?

serve the state

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What was the impact of cultural contact with the MInoans on acient Greece?

the torch of knowledge got passed from the Minoans to the Mycenaens

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Know the weaknesses of the Athenian deocratic process

slow; inefficient; decentralized; selected leader with the lottery system

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List Peisistratus’ reforms

divided state owned land amon the poor
Divided land owned by banished aristocrats to the poor workfare (build temples, roads etc.)
offered gov’t support to colonists
expanded foreign markets
BUTTER over GUNS

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What was the Spartan Solution?

all guns, no butter

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What were the causes of the Peloponnesian War?

Athens spread democracy; Sparta spreads totalitarian (autocracy)
2 major powers in the region
Athens trade in Peloponnesus
Competition for neutral city-states

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Know the Spartan political structure

2 Kings (Dual Monarchy)
Spartan Citizens
Periocci (freed men)
Helots (Serfs)

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What was the role of women in Athens?

couldn’t vote or leave house
no formal education
couldn’t inherit property
always the poperty of someone (father, husband)
only profession = prostiution

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Role of Individualism in Athens

to promote/ glorify the individual

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What is an open society? (matching)

one in which citizens, goods, and ideas can move/travel freel

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What is a closed society? (matching)

refused all cultural contact (opposite of open society)

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What is ostracism? (matching)

a way of removing a corrupt political official

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What is an oligarchy? (matching)

rule by a few

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What is a pure democracy? (matching)

aka direct democracy

all political citizens vote directly on issues

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What is a republic? (matching)

a type of democracy with representatives not elected by citizens

What is ecomonic worth? (matching)

the idea that economic contribution leads to political citizenship

What is a cultural diffuser? (matching)

spreads culture

What is a democratic-republic? (matching)

citizens elect representatives

What is a cultural linker? (mathcing)

preserves culture for future generations

Battle of Marathon (matching)

Greeks defeat King Darius I (490 BCE) -- Spartans weren't there

Battle of Thermopylae (matching)

300 Spartans make a herioc stand against the Persians

Battle of Salamis (matching)

Themistocles saves Western Civilization

Battle of the Granicus River (matching)

Alexander the Great is almost killed

Battle of the Granicus River (matching)

Alexander defeats the Persian Empire

Who was Themistocles? (matching)

hero at Salamis

Who was Xerxes? (matching)

Defeated at Salamis (Persian King)

Who was Leonidas? (matching)

lead the 300 Spartans at Thermopylae

Who was Darius I? (matching)

Defeated at Marathon

Who was Cyrus the Great? (matching)

1st king of Persia and ended Babylonian Captivity (Jews could go home)

Who was Solon? Drastic measure? (matching)

Athenian Dictator -- cancelled all public and private devt

Who was Draco? What did he do? (matching)

known for harsh punishment; 1st to write down the laws

Who was Peisistratus? Concept? (matching)

"people's dictator"; allied himself with common people; concept of economic worth

Who was Cleithenes? He was..? (matching)

the "father of Athenian democracy"

Who was Pericles? What age? (matching)

ruled during the Golden Age

Territories conquered by Alexander... What direction?

Greece to East

What are some Athenian values?

humanism, individualism, and freedom

What are some Spartan values?

obedience, sacrafice, militarism, servitude (of state)

___ % of of Athenians could vote

Role of women in Sparta.. vote?

practically equal to men but couldn't vote

"Return with your shield or on it"

win or die trying

Who was King Phillip II of Macedon? What was he the first to do?

the first to unite Greece since Agamemnon (ruled through the league of Corinth)

Who likely assassinated Phillip?

Wife (Olimpius) and Alexander

Put the following people in chronological order... Alexander, Phillip, Pericles and Solon

Solon, Pericles, Phillip, and Alexander

What sort of things was Alexander taugh as a youth? ***

not taught to appreciate democracy

What was significant about the battle of Chaeronea?

Battle at which Phillip conquers all of Greece

What part did Alexander play at Chaeronea?

personally lead the cavalry

List the characteristics of Alexander

AMBITIOUS | energetic, intelligent, charismatic, brave, warm-hearted, generous, cruel, inspirational, volatile, determined

What was the League of Corinth?

a federation of all Greek city-states (like UN)

Describe Alexander as an administrator

competent, kind, firm, kept his promises, tolerated no oppression of his subjects

What Greek city did Alexander detroy because it revolted against his rule?

Thebes -- thought he was dead

What was Alexander's favorite book?

the Illiad

How did Alexander treat the Greek cities in Asia Minor (what did he grant them)?

he freed them and allowed them democratic self-government (this wouldn't repeat)

What was significant about the Battle of Granicus River?

Alexander was almost killed

Who was Alexander's hero?

Achilles

Who was Batis? What did Alexander do to him?

Gaza's military commander during a long siege -- had holes drilled into his feet and ropes looped through them. he then dragged the dead body around the city behind his chariot.

What did the Oracle at Siwa tell Alexander?

he was the son of Ammon = he is a god

Who was Darius III?

He was the Persian King at the time of Alexander.

What was significant about the battle of Gaugamela?

Alexander vs. Darius III part 2: it was Darius's last defeat

Describe Alexander's treatmentof Persepolis. Why was he so brutal here?

took it by force, burned it to the gournd, killed all of them and raped all of the women. Brutal b/c800 Greek colonists were found with arms legs &ears cut off and eyes gauged out.

Who was King Porus?

Indian King; with his war elephants he put up a tough battle but later befriended Alexander

What steps did Alexander take to consolidate (hybridize) his 2 empires?

- married 2 Persian women - convinced nearly 300 of his men to also marry Persian women in a "mass nuptial" - drafted 30,000 Persian boys into his army

How did Alexander respond to the death of Hephaestion?

- cut off his hair - spent $60 million building a memorial to him - had an entire tribe of people slain as sacrifices to his "ghost"

What did Alexander most likely die from?

ALCOHOL POISONING malaria assassination (by poisoning)

Explain the legacy of Alexander

- end to era of city-states - created largest empire (centralized) - theocratic gov't - propaganda - imperialism - shaving! - cultural diffuser and linker

What kingdoms emerged from Alexander's?

1) Antigonid Kingdom 2) Kingdom of Ptolomies 3) Kingdom of Pergamum

What do Alexander's emerged kingdoms have in common?

all of these kingdoms were eventually defeated by the Romans

What happened to Alexander's 8 year old son?

he was murdered

What happens in Greece due to the pwer vauum created by Alexander's death?

42 year Civil War -- "Period of the Dictators"

Who founded the famous city of Alexandria, Egypt

Alexander the Great

Ancient Greece Flashcards

(79 cards)