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HI.207 > Ancient Greece > Flashcards

Ancient Greece Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Schliemann

A

one of the fathers of Aegean Bronze Age archaeology

- excavated Hissarlik (Troy) and proved civilization existed in the Aegean much earlier than previously believed

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2
Q

Troy

A

Bronze Age Greek city-state

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3
Q

Arthur Evans

A

one of the fathers of Aegean Bronze Age archaeology

  • excavated the palace at Knossos (Palace of Minos)
  • dubbed the civilization Minoan
  • Linear A tablets
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4
Q

Linear A

A

Minoan, undeciphered, pictographic, syllabic script - NOT Greek

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5
Q

Linear B

A

early form of Greek - Mycenean syllabic/phonetic script

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6
Q

Knossos

A

archaeological site on Crete - home to the Palace of Minos

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7
Q

Mycenae

A

palace-citadel of the Myceneans

- site of shaft tombs and Tholos tombs excavated by Schliemann

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8
Q

Pylos

A

city-state in Greece (palace site)

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9
Q

Agamemnon

A

Mycenean king

  • played a role in the “Iliad”
  • tomb found in Mycenae palace
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10
Q

Tholos Tombs

A

ca. 1500 B.C.

unroofed passage cut horizontally into the hillside, leading to a doorway accessing a circular chamber with a domed roof

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11
Q

Megaron

A

narrow, three-room rectangular building

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12
Q

Dorians

A

Indo-European, Greek-speaking folk, possible explanation for the collapse of the Myceneans

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13
Q

Achilles

A

hero of the “Iliad”, Greece’s best soldier

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14
Q

Polis

A

Greek city-state

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15
Q

Acropolis

A

city-state usually on a mountain, center of a polis

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16
Q

Agora

A

public space

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17
Q

Metics

A

“resident aliens”
free persons originally of foreign origin
had legal/economic rights
no political rights or military obligation

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18
Q

Delphi

A

site of the oracle of Apollo

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19
Q

Laconia

A

Southeastern region of the Peloponnese peninsula - capital was Sparta

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20
Q

Perieoci

A

fellow Dorians who lived around the city of Sparta

  • no political rights in the Spartan government
  • local autonomy
  • obligated to serve in the Spartan army
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21
Q

Helots

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A

agricultural serfs/slaves - owned by the Spartan state

22
Q

Ephors

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A

5 chief executive and judicial magistrates
elected annually by the assembly (Apella)
most powerful political organ in the government

23
Q

Gerousia

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A

Spartan council of elders
28 men 60+ in age (+2 kings)
elected for life by the assembly (Apella)
prepared business (e.g. legislation) for the assembly

24
Q

Messenia

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A

city-state conquered by Sparta — all Messenians were converted into Helots

25
Lycurgus
reformed Sparta according to the oracle of Apollo at Delphi | "Reforms of Lycurgus" turned Sparta into a military powerhouse
26
Solon
Athenian statesman - reformed Athens via recognition of the need for economic diversity through trade and industry, established timocracy (4 citizen classes: aristocracy, commercial class, peasants, and thetes)
27
Peisistratus
example of a "good tyrant" of Athens | introduced 1st Athenian coinage
28
Cleisthenes
founder of Athenian democracy
29
Ostracism
annual vote in the assembly --- "winner" exiled for 10 years from Athens but suffered no other penalty...could return and reenter politics after 10 years
30
Themistocles
Athenian politician and general, convinced Athens to build a strong naval force
31
Salamis
Battle of Salamis - decisive victory for the Greeks (led by Themistocles) over the Persian Empire (led by Xerxes)
32
Marathon
Battle of Marathon - Athenians vs. Persians (led by Darius) - Persians annihilated
33
Thermopylae
Battle of Thermopylae - alliance of Greek city-states (including 300 Spartans) led by the Spartan Leonidas vs. the Persian Empire (led by Xerxes) - Persians won - "History" by Herodotus
34
Delian League
an alliance of Greek city-states led by Athens to liberate eastern Greek city-states from Persian rule
35
Cleruchs
Athenian military colonists serving as garrison forces - method of controlling key subjects
36
Pericles
dominant political leader of the Delian League - promoted a large navy and massive public works (e.g. Parthenon)
37
Alcibiades
Athenian statesman and general whose shifting of sides during the Peloponnesian War earned him a reputation for cunning and treachery
38
Deceleia
Sparta-established permanent fort within Attica on a mountaintop - Athenians now confined to Long Walls year-round and more thorough destruction of Attica
39
Long Walls
connected Athens to the sea even during times of siege 6 km in length destroyed by the Spartans after Athens' defeat in the Peloponnesian War
40
Aigospotami
decisive battle of the Peloponnesian War --- Athens' last fleet destroyed in the Hellespont --- Peloponnesians blockaded Athens and starved Athenians into surrender
41
King's Peace
Persians regained control of Ionian Greek cities | Sparta weakened but still the single most powerful polis
42
Epaminondas
led Thebes in the Battle of Leuctra (w/ oblique phalanx, light infantry, and cavalry)
43
Leuctra
Battle of Leuctra - first defeat of main Spartan field army in several centuries, won by Thebes under the command of Epaminondas (w/ oblique phalanx, light infantry, and cavalry) Messenians were freed
44
Philip II
Macedonian king and general
45
Demosthenes
Athenian politician that warned the Greeks of the threat of Philip II's conquest
46
Chaeronea
Battle of Chaeronea - Macedonia crushed Athens and Thebes and began a long period of Macedonian domination of Greece
47
Thales of Miletus
philosopher of the Ionian School - predicted total solar eclipse - water as primal element and was itself living and all else is derived from water - cosmology (Earth was a flat disc floating in a great bowl)
48
Democritus
philosopher of the Ionian School - atomic theory - atheism
49
Pythagoras
philosopher of the Ionian School - studied mathematics - believed numbers had magical qualities - transmigration of souls
50
Gaugamela
Battle of Gaugamela - the final meeting between Alexander the Great and King Darius III of Persia - after this victory, Alexander was, without question, the King of all Asia
51
Alexandria
number of cities founded by Alexander the Great (Alexander III) --- most famous in Egypt
52
Aristotle
- former student of Plato who founded a rival school (Lyceum) in Athens - believed knowledge was gained only through senses - stressed observation over contemplation - organized and classified many fields of knowledge

HI.207 (6 decks)

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