Ancient India- Chapter 5

Question 1

subcontinent

Answer 1

a large landmass that is smaller than a continent

Question 2

monsoons

Answer 2

seasonal wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons

Question 3

Sanskrit

Answer 3

the most important language of ancient India

Question 4

The varnas

Answer 4

Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Sudras

Question 5

caste system

Answer 5

divided IndiaN SOCIETY INTO GROUPS based on a persons birth, wealth, or occupation

Question 6

The vedas

Answer 6

four sacred texts in Hinduism

Question 7

the Rigveda

Answer 7

oldest of the vedas; probably written before 1000BC

Question 8

raja

Answer 8

a leader who ruled a village and the land around it

Question 9

Brahmins

Answer 9

India’s priests and were seen as the highest varna

Question 10

Kshatriyas

Answer 10

rulers and warriors

Question 11

Vaisyas

Answer 11

farmers, craftspeople, and traders

Question 12

Sudras

Answer 12

workers and sevants

Question 13

the untouchables

Answer 13

people who broke the caste rules and were banned from their castes and homes

Question 14

Hinduism

Answer 14

the largest religion in India today

Question 15

Atman

Answer 15

soul

Question 16

Hindus belief of ultimate goal

Answer 16

to reunite the soul with brahman

Question 17

Brahman

Answer 17

the universal spirit

Question 18

reincarnation

Answer 18

process of rebirth; souls are reborn many times, each time with a different body

Question 19

Brahma

Answer 19

the creator

Question 20

Siva

Answer 20

the destroyer

Question 21

Vishnu

Answer 21

the preserver

Question 22

Hindu Trinity

Answer 22

Brahma, Siva, Vishnu

Question 23

Karma

Answer 23

the effects that good or bad actions have on a person’s soul

Question 24

moksha

Answer 24

salvation or freedom from life’s worries and the cycle of rebirth

Question 25

dharma

Answer 25

a set of spiritual duties

Question 26

Jainism

Answer 26

based on the teachings of a an named Hahavira

Question 27

nonviolence

Answer 27

the avoidance of violent actions

Question 28

ahimsa

Answer 28

the Sanskrit word for nonviolence

Question 29

Sikhism

Answer 29

has its root in the teachings of Guru Nanak, who lived in the 1400s; monotheistic; blends ideas from other religions

Question 30

meditation

Answer 30

the focusing of the mind on spiritual ideas

Question 31

the Buddha

Answer 31

Enlightened one; siddhartha Gautama; found enlightenment; founder of buddhism

Question 32

Siddhartha Gautama

Answer 32

Hindu Prince; asked questions about the meaning of life; traveled and meditated; found enlightenment; the Buddha

Question 33

Buddhism

Answer 33

a religion based on the teachings of the Buddha

Question 34

Nirvana

Answer 34

a state of perfect peace

Question 35

the four noble truths

Answer 35

1. sufferings and unhappiness are a part of human life. no one can escape sorrow 2. sufferings come from our desires for pleasure and material goods. people cause their own misery because they want things they can't have 3. people can overcome desire and ignorance and reach nirvana

Question 36

the eight fold path

Answer 36

1. right thought 2. right intent 3. right speech 4. right action 5. right livelihood 6. right effort 7. right mindfulness 8. right concentration

Question 37

missionaries

Answer 37

people who work to spread their religious beliefs

Question 38

Candragupta Maurya

Answer 38

founded mauryan dynasty but later gave up throne to become jainist monk

Question 39

asoka

Answer 39

strongest mauryan emperor; converted to buddhism, swore against wars and improved lives of his people

Question 40

Candra gupta

Answer 40

founded Gupta dynasty; brought much of northern india under his control

Question 41

Gupta dynasty

Answer 41

hinduism main religion but supported buddhism and jainism

Question 42

fall of the gupta dynasty

Answer 42

huns invaded in late 400s and gupta rule had ended by mid 500s

Question 43

Mahabharata

Answer 43

one of worlds longest literary works; religious epic about a struggle between 2 families for control of a kingdom

Question 44

Ramayana

Answer 44

religious epic about a prince named Rama who is Vishnu in human form and has to save his wife Siva

Question 45

metallurgy

Answer 45

the science of working with metals

Question 46

alloys

Answer 46

a mixture of 2 or more metals

Question 47

inoculation

Answer 47

injecting a person with a small dose of a virus to help them build up defenses against disease

Question 48

astronomy

Answer 48

the study of the stars and planets