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ARTH 2710 > Ancient Near East > Flashcards

Ancient Near East Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Bronze age

A

middle of the 4th millennium BCE to the 13th century BCE

called bronze age because they smelted bronze at this point

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2
Q

middle of the 4th millennium BCE to the 13th century BCE

A

Bronze age

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3
Q

What are the nations?

A

Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Levant, Tigris, Euphrates, Girsu, Umma, Lagash

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4
Q

Mesopotamia

A

Fertile Crescent
Iraq, Iran

Sumerians

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5
Q

Anatolia

A

Turkey

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6
Q

Levant

A

Syria, Israel, east coast of Med Sea

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7
Q

Tigris

A

next to the Tigris river

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8
Q

Euphrates

A

next to Euphrates river

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9
Q

Fertile crescent

A

area that’s fertile, has trade, lively

4th millennium BCE to 11th century BCE

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10
Q

Sumerians

A

lived in Mesopotamia

first people to write historical narrative (cuneiform)

polytheism: most important one Inanna (goddess of love and war)
- Ningirsu: warrior god, god of Girsu
- Ninhursag: mother goddess
- Imdugud/Anzu bird: god of unknown
- Enlil*: chief diety

*all on “Stele of Eannatum

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11
Q

Akkadian

A

late 3rd millennium BCE, after Sumerian

came from Arabian desert

Sargon I: Akkadian king and conqueror, said that kings are gods

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12
Q

Neo-Sumerian

A

third dynasty of Ur, after Akkadian

Sumerinas came back and conquered Akkadian

Have empires

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13
Q

Babylonian

A

Early 2nd mill BCE, after Neo-Sumerian

Hammurabi: Babylonian king that commissioned first set of laws known in Western civilization (Stele of Hammurabi)

Shamash: Babylonian chief god, solar deity

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14
Q

Assyrian

A

after Babylonian

Conquered everyone: really tall wall, defenses from others

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15
Q

Neo-Babylonian

A

after Assyrian

Assyria fell from the inside (civil strife and war)

Nebuchadnezzar II: ruler, came on top

“Ishtar Gate”

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16
Q

Sumerian

goddess of love and war

A

Inanna

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17
Q

Sumerian

warrior god, god of Girsu

A

Ningirsu

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18
Q

Sumerian

mother goddess

A

Ninhursag

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19
Q

Sumerian

god of unknown

A

Imdugud/Anzu bird

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20
Q

Sumerian

chief diety

A

Enlil

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21
Q

Tablets of Destiny

Study These Flashcards
A

they can see the past present and future

Enlil has them

22
Q

they can see the past present and future

Enlil has them

Study These Flashcards
A

Tablets of Destiny

23
Q

Babylonian chief god, solar deity

24
Q

Legendary king of Uruk; protagonist in the “Epic of ________”, one of the world’s oldest epic tales

Study These Flashcards
A

Gilgamesh

Sumerian

25
Legendary Wildman; ally and friend to Gilgamesh in the "Epic of Gilgamesh"
Enkidu
26
Winged bull with the head of a man, a guardian composite creature from ancient Mesopotamia
Lamasu
27
Lamasu
Winged bull with the head of a man, a guardian composite creature from ancient Mesopotamia
28
composite creature
Composed of various known animals; used to indicate a supernatural setting, often serving as guardian figures poised in liminal locales
29
Composed of various known animals; used to indicate a supernatural setting, often serving as guardian figures poised in liminal locales
composite creature
30
pictographs
Proto-writing reliant on symbols, frequently precede writing systems
31
Proto-writing reliant on symbols, frequently precede writing systems
pictographs
32
cuneiform
Ancient Near Eastern writing system; first known in western history
33
Ancient Near Eastern writing system; first known in western history
cuneiform
34
ziggurat
Ancient Near Eastern sacred structure, composed of a temple atop a large sloping platform
35
Ancient Near Eastern sacred structure, composed of a temple atop a large sloping platform
ziggurat
36
hieratic scaling
Compositional strategy that makes most important figure largest
37
Compositional strategy that makes most important figure largest
hieratic scaling
38
language vs writing system
??????? | speaking vs writing it down??
39
stylized
Figural representation that schematizes subject/object
40
Figural representation that schematizes subject/object
stylized
41
naturalistic
Representational art that looks to mimic nature
42
Representational art that looks to mimic nature
naturalistic
43
historical narrative
record real-world happenings, usually defining moments in the life of an elite figure, a community, or culture.
44
record real-world happenings, usually defining moments in the life of an elite figure, a community, or culture.
historical narrative
45
role of ritual activation
a set of instructions to produce a god, demon, ghost, ancestor, etc. If done correctly, the inanimate object became the desired supernatural entity. didn't matter if the effigy didn't look like the supernatural entity
46
a set of instructions to produce a god, demon, ghost, ancestor, etc. If done correctly, the inanimate object became the desired supernatural entity.
role of ritual activation
47
Imaging the gods
"making the intangible tangible" creating likeness of deities makes them more tangible creating likeness of animals makes them appear (Lascaux)
48
center vs periphery
cosmic geography their native state is the center of their universe periphery idk
49
natural vs supernatural
cosmic geography both natural and supernatural realms coexist most mortal were physically impeded from entering godly abodes
50
Denise Schmandt-Besserat
discovered the reasons for development of writing in ancient Mesopotamia (accounting)
51
discovered the reasons for development of writing in ancient Mesopotamia (accounting)
Denise Schmandt-Besserat

ARTH 2710 (10 decks)

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