ancient philosophical influences Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the ancient greek work for knowledge?
episteme
what is the ancient greek word for opinion?
Doxa
What are particulars?
Things that are experiences with your senses.
what book did plato write that holds most of his crucial ideas?
the Republic
platos 4 key ideas:
- think more- have Socratic discussions
- have your lover change you
- decode messages of beautiful
=beauty ‘educates your soul’ - reform society- be like philosophers
was Plato a rationalist or empriricist?
rationalist
did Plato believe in using reason?
yes
who was platos teacher?
socrates
What story did Plato use to illustrate his theory of the Forms?
The Allegory of the cave
What is a form according to Plato?
a non-physical entity in another reality that represents the perfect essence of something in the real world
what world do we live in according to Plato?
The world of Appearances
What is the ‘real world’ according to Plato?
The world of forms/ideas
what did Plato see as the one true form?
The form of good
Why is the form of good the truest form?
it is the source of other forms, without the knowledge of forms of good we can’t see the other forms clearly .
What are some features of the world of the forms?
- out of time and space
- real/absolute
- permanent
-cannot be measured
-perfect
what does Plato suggest people do in order to see into the world of the forms?
ask questions and investigate without just using senses and think more like a philosopher
what does the allegory of the caves illustrate?
the journey from ignorance to knowledge, representing the limitations of our views of reality and the search of true understanding. The cave symbolizes the world of appearances, while the journey outside represents the ascent to the world of Forms and the ultimate Good.
in the allegory of the cave, what does the prisoners represent?
the people in the world of appearances with fixed mindsets
in the allegory of the cave, what does the shadows represent?
illusions, false beliefs, and superficial realities that the prisoners mistake for truth.
in the allegory of the cave, what does the cave represent?
the world of appearances
in the allegory of the cave, what does the sun represent?
the Form of the Good, the ultimate source of truth and knowledge, and the ultimate goal.
in the allegory of the cave, what does the ascent represent?
the process of education and enlightenment, where a person moves from ignorance to knowledge
What are aristotles 4 causes to reach someone’s telos
Material- what it’s made from
Efficient- how does it happen
Formal- characteristics
Final- the reason it exists (telos)
Where was aristotles writings
Metaphysics
