Ancient rome Flashcards
aediles (132 cards)
1
Q
aediles
A
those in the Roman government responsible for maintaining Rome and holding public games
1
Q
amphitheatre
A
an oval or circular building, with rows of seats rising around a central open area, used for public contests or games
2
Q
aqueduct
A
a built structure carrying a channel for supplying water over a long distance
3
Q
atrium
A
central courtyard of a Roman house, square or rectangular in shape and open to the sky
4
Q
auxiliaries
A
non-Roman soldiers in the Roman army, such as local people from the provinces
5
Q
census
A
the registration of citizens and their property for the purposes of taxation, conducted by censors
6
Q
century
A
group of about 100 soldiers in the Roman army
7
Q
civil war
A
a war between groups in the same country for control of the government
8
Q
consuls
A
the two leading magistrates of Rome, who were elected for one year to govern the Republic and maintain law and order
9
Q
deities
A
gods and goddesses worshipped by the Romans
10
Q
dictator
A
a person appointed in a time of crisis to govern Rome for 6 months and assume total power
11
Q
emperor
A
an emperor ruled over the Roman Empire, a person who gains this position by inheriting it and/or through military support.
12
Q
empire
A
the collection of several countries or regions who have been taken over and are ruled by one governing power
13
Q
equestrians
A
the wealthier members of the plebeian class who were involved in business or tax collecting
14
Q
forum
A
the marketplace and business centre in a Roman city
15
Q
gladiators
A
specially trained fighters who fought against each other or against animals to entertain the Romans
16
Q
legion
A
the largest unit of foot soldiers in the Roman army; it could range from 3000 to 6000 men and was usually accompanied by cavalry.
17
Q
magistrates
A
citizens elected to govern and make decisions on the administration of the country
monarchy: rule by a king or queen, who usually inherits the position
18
Q
patricians
A
rich Roman citizens who were members of the original senatorial families of Rome, or those who were accepted into this group
19
Q
plebeians
A
the ordinary people of Rome, made up of all those who were not patricians
20
Q
praetors
A
people in the Roman government who commanded armies, ran the law courts and governed provinces
21
Q
province
A
an area conquered by the Romans and ruled by a governor who was or had been a consul or praetor
22
Q
Punic Wars
A
series of three wars between Rome and Carthage in the third and second centuries BC
23
Q
republic
A
form of government in which the head of state is elected by the people; in the Roman Republic, the role of head of state was shared by two consuls
24
Senate
the supreme council in Rome during the Republic, made up of magistrates and ex-magistrates
25
toga
a loose outer garment worn by Roman citizens
26
The -------- legend of Romulus and Remus figures
largely in the foundation stories about Rome.
mythical
27
Rome
was named after -------------.
Romulus
28
Roman rule lasted ------ years.
1000
29
Its legacy was a lasting
political, legal, --------- and social influence on Western
society and culture.
economic
30
By the --------- century AD, the Roman Empire had
expanded throughout Europe, Africa and Asia Minor –
creating a vast military and trade network.
second
31
The ------- covered 5 million square kilometres with
over 100 million people as its subjects.
empire
32
About a ----------- people lived in Rome itself
million
33
Most empires are either named after the ruling ------------ — such as the British and Portuguese empires — or named after a person — such as the empire of Alexander the Great.
country
34
The Roman Empire is one of the few named after a ----.
city
35
In the tenth century BCE, the ancestors of the Romans lived in huts on the -----Hill.
palatine
36
According to early histories, some of the kings who ruled over the Romans were -------------.
Etruscans
37
the population grew, and the Romans occupied the lower land between the hills and the ----------.
Tiber
38
Romans dated the foundation of their city to a legendary monarch, ------------, in 753 BCE.
Romulus
39
During the 5th century BCE, Rome was ruled by Etruscan kings
Etruscan
40
It took just over 200 years for the Romans to take control of -----.
italy
41
The first 100 years were spent in extending control over northern Italy, including defeating the ------- who sacked Rome in 390 BC.
ghauls
42
The Romans also conquered groups in southern -------
Italy
43
--------- was located in North Africa, close to Italy.
Carthage
44
From 264 to 146 BC, Rome fought a series of wars with ------------ for control of Sicily.
Carthage
45
With control of ---------- and a settlement in North Africa, Rome was now in a position to take control over most of the land bordering the Mediterranean.
Italy
46
A struggle for power between two generals —------------- and Julius Caesar — dominated the end of this period.
Pompey
47
Pompey was killed after being defeated in battle by ------------ in 48 BC.
Julius Caesar
48
Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC by Romans who felt he was becoming too much like a ----------
king
49
Caesar’s assassination was followed by nearly 20 years of --------------.
civil war
50
The --------- Roman Empire was defeated by invaders from the north in the fifth century CE.
western
51
The Eastern Roman Empire developed into the ----------- Empire, which lasted for another thousand years.
Byzantine
52
The heart of political and intellectual life was the -----------.
forum
53
Around the sides of the ---------- were many buildings that were
vital to the functioning of an imperial city.
forum
54
what were the buildings around the forum?
The Curia
- The Records office
- Temples
- Basilicas
55
The ------------- of the Plebeians met in an open space in
front of the Curia.
assembly
56
In front of the ----------, was a raised platform called the
rostrum.
curia
57
Outside the ------------, was the ‘assembly of the plebeians’
where they could vote and had a speaker on stage
curia
58
Most of the population of a Roman city lived in --------------------in overcrowded apartments that could be up to 5
storeys high.
one or two
rooms
59
Sometimes a family might ------, cook, eat and sleep in the
one room.
wash
60
We can learn from the remains of --------and Herculaneum
how the better – off Romans lived.
Pompeii
61
The word --------- comes from the Latin word familia, meaning
household.
family
62
Roman families had a ------------- father figure at the head of
the family
paternalist
63
The father was the head of the
----------- and Roman law gave him complete authority over ALL
of the family.
family
64
Roman women had to do as their fathers and ------------- told
them.
husbands
65
A ------------- woman was known as a matrona.
married
66
some religious festivals could
not be held if there were no ----------- or ----------- available to
celebrate.
women, matronae
67
Women could also influence the ---------- of their
husbands and sons.
political carrers
68
In the early Roman Republic, children were ---------- by their
parents at home
educated
69
There is a record of a fee-paying school around 250 BCE, run
by a -------------------.
A) emperor
B) Greek person
C) Former Slave
D) Chicken
C) Former slave
70
what did students in ancient Rome write on?
wax tablets and scrolls
71
What time did classes begin?
1. Early morning and sometimes when dark
2. midnight and sometimes in evening
72
Teachers were very strict and used the ------------- or strap on their
pupils to make them learn
cane
73
what did the Greek slaves consider important in lessons?
music and philosophy
74
what did the roman consider important in lessons?
public speaking and law
75
The basic unit of clothing for both men and women was the
-----------
tunic
76
------------- tunics were short and without sleeves
men's
77
women’s
------------- were long, covering their arms and legs.
tunics
78
Married women (matronae) wore, over the top of their main
tunic, another sleeveless tunic called a ----------.
A) how
B) Toga
C) Stola
stola
79
how did ancient roman womans make fashion statements?
through elaborate hairdos, which
could be held together by long bone pins and, in some cases,
hair nets made of gold.
80
At -----------------, archaeologists found a woman’s cosmetic box
made from wood and metal.
Pompeii
81
what were ancient Rome mirrors made of?
Mirrors were made of brightly
polished bronze or silver and could be elaborately decorated on
the back.
82
In the cities, ------ citizens wore togas
when outside their home.
male
83
Togas were long lengths of
cloth wrapped around the body
Togas
84
The toga worn by an ordinary
citizen was woven from --------.
wool
85
However, important officials wore
------------ togas that showed their
position
coloured
86
---------------’ togas had a border of
purple wool sewn into the material.
Magistrates
87
Augurs, who ---------- signs, had
bright yellow togas, dyed in saffron.
interpreted
88
Censors’ togas were all ----------.
purple
89
Victorious generals returning from
war had purple togas edged in ------------.
gold
90
Candidates standing for election
wore a ---------- white toga
dyed
91
Bathing was considered very important,
both for ------------ and for purification
before religious ceremonies.
cleanliness
92
Romans ---------------- daily, and many houses
had their own baths.
bathed
93
If your ---------- had
no bath, you could use a public one
house
94
1. You would warm up by bathing in a hot
pool, sunbathing or exercising through
ball games or --------------.
weightlifting
95
The bathing process could then be
followed by a -------------- — if you could
afford it.
massage
96
Many Roman buildings were made of ---------, and numerous emperors
declared that it was illegal to cook in apartments.
wood
97
People who did not have houses with proper cooking facilities bought
their food from street vendors and cooked it in public -----.
ovens
98
They bought ------------, sausages, porridge and bread.
salt
99
Wealthy citizens with a proper kitchen had ------ who would cook and
serve meals.
slaves
100
Roman --------------- were small, poorly lit rooms, usually tucked
away at the back of the house
kitchens
101
The two basic foods were bread and ------------, both
made from wheat.
gruel
102
The dough for the bread would
be kneaded or left to ---------------.
ferment
103
The bread could be enriched with grated ------------- or
honey placed in the middle of the dough.
cheese
104
------------ was made from flour boiled in water.
gruel
105
A few --------------, grown in a garden attached to
the house, could be included
vegetables
106
The main meal for the rich Romans, the -------, was eaten in the evening.
cena
107
The evening meal for a well-off Roman would be held in the
------------------ — a room with three couches arranged in a horseshoe
shape around the walls of the room.
triclinium
108
The men ate lying down, leaning on their --------- elbow.
left
109
If women and
children were present, they would sit at a table in the ------------- of the
room.
centre
110
The evening meal was the one most likely to include ------------; this
could be chicken or a young goat.
meat
111
Because Romans ate with
------ only, all meat had to be thoroughly cooked.
spoons
112
Any ------ served was mixed with water.
wine
113
On special occasions such as ------------, birthdays or visits
by foreign guests, rich Romans would hold banquets that
sometimes went on for days.
weddings
114
The riches main meal might consist of ------boar or chicken.
wild
115
There would be a dessert of ------, shellfish or
oysters for the rich.
fruit
116
Many courses would be served for the rich, including
delicacies such as -------, truffles and mushrooms.
oysters
117
The rich people's guests would eat and drink so much on these
occasions that a room was often provided especially for
--------!
vomiting
118
A poorer family’s evening meal might include only a
_______ or bacon cooked in a vegetable soup,
served with a mixture of cheese, olive oil, garlic and
salt, and spread on bread.
hambone
119
Romans were entertained by fights between ----------------
Gladiators
120
The word gladiator comes from the Latin word --------------
'sword'
121
----------------- first appeared in 264BC and were outlawed in 404AD.
Gladiators
122
Gladiators were made up of ---------------- of war, slaves and criminals.
prisoners
123
The mean would commit crimes such as treason, robbery and murder, among other things to end up a ----------.
gladiator.
124
Some free men would become a gladiator so they could gain ------------and glory.
honour
125
A Free gladiator was called -----------------.
Auctorati
126
Romans believed that their -------like gladiatorial fights.
gods
127
-------------------- were like our football stadiums today but far more advanced.
Amphitheatres
128
--------------------- and dens for wild animals were built under the arena for added attractions.
Cages
129
The Ancient Romans would sometimes flood the ---------------- and have miniature ship naval battles inside as a way of entertainment.
Colosseum
130
The Colosseum in Italy only took ----- years to build using over 60,000 slaves. It was originally called the Flavian amphitheatre.
nine
131
After the gladiators entered the Colosseum, they would have to salute
the ------------.
Emperor
