ancient rome Flashcards
(32 cards)
Where was the origin of ancient Roman civilisation?
The Aegean Sea region.
Where was Rome located?
Rome was located in the western coast of today’s Italian Peninsula, close to the Mediterranean Sea and in the middle of Europe and Africa.
What was Rome called because of its long history?
‘The eternal city’.
What is the origin of Rome?
Between 2000 BC and 1000 BC, a tribe called Latins settled in Italy, and build villages along River Tiber.
What are the three periods that ancient Rome was divided into?
The Roman Kingdom ( 753 BC to 509 BC ), the Roman Republic ( 509 BC to 27 BC ), and the Roman Empire ( 27 BC to AD 476 ).
What happened during the Roman Kingdom after Rome was conquered?
The Etruscans from the north brought Rome ancient Greek civilisation and taught the Romans how to dig channels and build arches.
How were leaders chosen in the Roman Republic?
The leaders were chosen by election instead of hereditary kingship.
Who was the Roman Republic ruled by?
It was ruled by two consuls, chief executives to be nominated by the Senate, a legislative body.
How was the Senate formed and what were they responsible for?
The Senate was formed by 300 patricians ( nobles ) and were responsible for legal and foreign affairs.
What happened after the plebeians fought for participation?
They could elect two tribunes to join the Senate. An Assembly was also added, where its members were elected by plebeians.
The Roman Republic became a government ruled by two houses ruled under ________________.
The Roman Republic became a government ruled by two houses ruled under bicameralism.
Who was one of the most famous military dictators?
Julius Caesar -> was elected a consul in 59 BC, he ruled Rome along with two other generals ( Pompey ).
Where did Julius Caesar conquer?
Gaul ( France ), Germania ( Germany ), and Britain.
What did Julius Caesar become in 44 BC?
He became a dictator for life, and had great power like an emperor.
How did the Roman Empire form?
After Caesar was assassinated, his adopted son Octavian and his general Mark Antony defeated his enemies. In 27 BC, the Senate offered Octavian the title Augustus, meaning ‘supreme ruler’ and called himself Augustus Caesar in memory of Julius Caesar.
In the Roman Empire’s first 200 years, its territories covered Europe, Asia and Africa. It was peace and was one of the greatest empires of the ancient world, therefore what was this period called?
The period of Roman Peace.
How did the Roman Empire decline?
Many Germanic tribes in Central and Eastern Europe, invaded the empire while learning the Roman culture.
In AD 395, how was the Roman Empire divided into two parts?
Rome was the capital of the Western Roman Empire, and Constantinople became the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire. As Constantinople was once called Byzantium, the Eastern Roman Empire was once called the Byzantine Empire.
Did the Western Roman Empire end first or did the Eastern Roman Empire end first?
The Western Roman Empire ended first. In AD 476, a Germanic general overthrew the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire. On the other hand, the Eastern Roman Empire continued to exist until AD 1453.
What were the Romans famous for?
They were famous for their politics, laws and architecture.
What did the Romans establish for their law?
The Laws of the Twelve Tables, the civil law, and the law of nations.
What was the basic principle of the Roman law?
Personal property should not be violated, and that everyone was equal before the law.
What did the Roman law lay the foundation for?
The Roman law laid the foundation for the later concept of the rule of law for Western countries
What religion spread in the Roman Empire since the 1st century?
Christianity, a one-god religion.
