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Ancient World Art Flashcards

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1
Q

art

A

creative and unique expression

form of communication

anything intended to be art

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2
Q

medium

media

A

material used to make art

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3
Q

aesthetics

A

study of beauty

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4
Q

elements of art

A

line

value (light)

form (shape)

space

color

composition

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5
Q

functions of art in society

A

entertainment

invoke emotion

religious purposes

honoring or remembering people

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6
Q

Paleolithic era

A

old stone age

35,000 to 10,000 years ago

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7
Q

animism

A

belief that all things have a spiritual or non-physical component

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8
Q

climate of Paleolithic era

A

ice age

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9
Q

clothing of Paleolithic era

A

animal skins

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10
Q

shelter of Paleolithic era

A

teepee

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11
Q
A

known as Cave of Lascaux or Hall of Bulls

from Paleolithic era

located in modern-day France

found by European archaeologist on vacation

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12
Q
A

known as Chauvet

from Paleolithic era

found sometime around 1995

thought to be painting for hunters to capture spirits of animals

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13
Q

characteristics of Paleolithic sculptures

A

portability

functionality

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14
Q

common media of Paleolithic sculptures

A

stone

bone

wood

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15
Q
A

known as Carved Bison

from Paleolithic era

carved with stone into hip bone of animal

depicts bison scratching itself with nose

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16
Q

venus figure

venus figurine

A

small sculptures of generic women

found over span of 3,000 miles

usually depicts big bodies with round curves

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17
Q
A

known as Venus of Willendorf

from Paleolithic era

4.5 inches tall

found by machine operator in gravel pit

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18
Q

neolithic era

A

new stone age

approximately 10,000 years ago

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19
Q

Neolithic Revolution

A

wide-scale transition from lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement

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20
Q

changes from the Neolithic Revolution

A

agriculture

domestication of animals

sedentarism

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21
Q

agriculture

A

science and art of cultivating plants and livestock

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22
Q

domestication of animals

A

mutual relationship between animals and the humans who have influence on their care and reproduction

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23
Q

sedentarism

A

practice of living in one place for a long time

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24
Q

5 side effects of agriculture in the Neolithic Revolution

A

invention of tools for the soil

invention of irrigation

invention of scythe or sickle

invention of grindstone

use of ceramics

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25
5 side effects of domestication of animals in the Neolithic Revolution
invention of shears invention of spindle invention of loom use of dairy technology invention of tack invention of wheel invention of fences
26
5 side effects of sedentarism in the Neolithic Revolution
popularization of permanent shelter invention of government invention of laws use of trade popularization of craft specialization use of war in conflicts spread of disease invention of writing methods
27
tack
leather riding gear
28
Çatal Häyük Çatalhöyük
very large Neolithic proto-city settlement in southern Anatolia located in modern-day turkey
29
megalith
large stone used in neolithic sculpture and architecture
30
Jericho
oldest continually-inhabited city in world
31
**known as *Stonehenge*** **from Neolithic era** used as way of keeping track of time found in England made of megaliths
32
myths about stonehenge
built by giants serves as tomb of Uther Pendragon Site of Tess of the D'Uberville's downfall
33
**known as *Easter Island Megalithic Head*** **from Neolithic era** thought to have been built by sailors from other islands used to have hats upon heads (knocked off over time)
34
**known as *African Ceremonial Mask*** **from Neolithic era** found in Western Africa used for dancing rituals to send people into trance forbidden to be seen by women in use
35
**known as *Nkisi Kondi Figure*** **from Neolithic era** used for healing by driving nails into figure to drive spirit out of sick people
36
**known as *Mesa Verde Cliff-Palace*** **from Neolithic era** located in modern-day southwest Colorado built by farmers in Pueblo tribes not intended to be art abandoned about 1,000 years ago had kivas
37
kiva
subterranean rooms are found among ruins in the North-American South-West used by Puebloans
38
petroglyph
Neolithic rock writing
39
**known as *Chaco Canyon* or *Pueblo Bonito*** **from Neolithic era** built on plane of the ecliptic had window openings made of wood reflection of path of sun
40
significance of wood usage in *Chaco Canyon*
nearest trees were located 100 miles away
41
transportation of wood in construction of *Chaco Canyon*
usage of ropes holding up tree trunk with 1 person on each end
42
**known as *Casa Rinconada* or *Ring House*** **from Neolithic era** sacred place for Native Americans
43
**known as *Santa Clara Pottery*** **from Neolithic era** uniquely patterned based on village
44
2 major geographical features of Egypt
desert Nile River
45
pharaoh
ruler of Egypt during dynastic periods
46
dynasty
rulership by single family from generation-to-generation
47
relief sculpture relief carving
sculpture on 2-dimensional surface
48
symbol
concrete representation of abstract concept
49
heiroglyph
Egyptian picture writing
50
Rosetta Stone
inscription that enabled hieroglyphics to be deciphered contract written in 2 languages
51
**known as *Palette of Narmer*** **from Old Kingdom (Egypt)** example of relief carving depicts image of Narmer
52
Narmer
1st pharaoh of Egypt unified upper Egypt and lower Egypt
53
symbols found in *Palette of Narmer*
vulture (upper Egypt) papyrus (lower Egypt)
54
mastaba
Egyptian blocky rectangular structure forerunner to pyramid
55
**known as *Pyramid of Zoser*** **from Old Kingdom (Egypt)** oldest stone building in world designed by Imhotep
56
**known as *Pyramid of Meidum*** **from Old Kingdom (Egypt)** started out as mastaba (finished as pyramid because it would not be able to hold its own weight)
57
**known as *Great Pyramids of Giza*** **from Old Kingdom (Egypt)** only sustaining structure of 7 Wonders of the World symbol of Egyptian power
58
**known as *The Sphinx*** **from Old Kingdom (Egypt)** nose thought to be cut off during Muslim rule beard kept in museum in London
59
**known as *Portrait of Chephren* or *Portrait of Khafre*** **from Old Kingdom (Egypt)** shows guy who commissioed *The Sphinx* made of diarite (super strong and durable)
60
**known as *Ra-Hotep and Nofret*** **from Old Kingdom (Egypt)** depicts brother of builder of biggest pyramid contrast between skin of man and woman is sign of wealth
61
**known as *Temple of Hatshepsut*** **from New Kingdom (Egypt)** located in Valley of Queens built for Hatshepsut (first female pharaoh)
62
Amenhotep III
pharaoh of Egypt ruled during Egypt's prime (geographically)
63
wife of Amenhotep III
Queen Tiye
64
successor to Amenhotep III
Akhenaten (Amenhotep IV)
65
Akhenaten Amenhotep IV
successor to Amenhotep III beaten with ugly stick did a bunch of crazy things
66
wife of Akenhaten
Nefertiti
67
**known as *Bust of Nefertiti*** **from New Kingdom (Egypt)** kept in German museum kept in very good condition (relative to age) missing eye
68
ka
spiritual component of dead Egyptians housed in container along with mummy in tomb
69
ushabti
small Egyptian statue of servant figure engaged in various activities brought to life in afterlife to serve deceased
70
canopic urn
container used to store organs of mummified individuals
71
**known as *Funeral Mask of King Tut* or *Funeral Mask of King Tutankhamun*** **from New Kingdom (Egypt)** only Egyptian pharaoh tomb found intact found by accidental landslide
72
Ramses The Great
pharaoh when Jews were enslaved
73
**known as *Abu Simbel*** **from New Kingdom (Egypt)** depicts 3 gods rock-cut temple light shines into back of temple 2 days per year
74
literal definition of "Mesopotamia"
"land between the rivers"
75
geography of Mesopotamia
located between Tigris River and Euphrates River located in modern-day Iraq
76
nickname for "Mesopotamia"
"cradle of civilization"
77
Epic of Gilgamesh
oldest surviving piece of literature tells story of Gilgamesh and other Mesapotamian gods' jealousy
78
Cuneiform
Mesopotamian writing system
79
Ziggurat
large mud brick structures that served as central spaces in Sumerian cities
80
**known as *Great Ziggurat at Ur*** **from Mesopotamia** temple for solar god served as religious and political center of society
81
**known as *Ram in a Thicket*, *Goat in a Bush*, or whatever else you want to call it** **from Mesopotamia** nobody says "thicket" anymore "davenport" means "sofa" which means "couch"
82
**known as *Head of Akkadian Ruler*** **from Mesopotamia** thought to have been placed on wood statue has damaged nose
83
**known as *Stele of Naram-Sin*** **from Mesopotamia** example of relief carving big slab of stone depicts conquest of enemy
84
**known as *Stele of Hammurabi*** **from Mesopotamia** symbolic of Babylonian laws from God made of imported stone
85
**known as *Lion Hunt Relief*** **from Mesopotamia** example of relief carving depicts ruler shooting lions form of propoganda sympathetic to lion coughing up blood
86
**known as *Winged Bull of Khorsabad*** **from Mesopotamia** wings are symbolic of supernaturalness
87
**known as *Ishrar Gate*** **from Mesopotamia** neo-Babylonian constructed with glazed bricks (mostly blue) equal to worth in gold at time of construction
88
**known as *Portrait of Amenhotep IV* or *Portrait of Akhenaten*** **from New Kingdom (Egypt)** example of relief carving beaten with the ugly stick

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