Andes

Question 0

What made up the norther area? how many rivers crossed it?

Answer 0

Peruvian coastal plain; 40 short rivers

Question 1

Two poles of the Andean civilization developed:

Answer 1

N. coast of peru, S-central andes

Question 2

___ Major centres developed. Where were the two largest?

Answer 2

4, Chacama-Moche and Motupe-Lambayeque

Question 3

When did the Tiwanaku state flourish?

Answer 3

1AD

Question 4

What brought the regions of the highlands and the coast together?

Answer 4

Religious beliefs

Question 5

only ___% of the desert can be farmed

Answer 5

10

Question 6

Major changes occured when maize was introduced and irrigation developed around _____

Answer 6

2500BC

Question 7

What provided sufficient calories of rapid community growth?

Answer 7

unique maritime resources; 60% of carrying capacity of 6.5mill ppl supported

Question 8

What foods were traded between the highlands and the coast?

Answer 8

fish and seaweed for carbohydrate foods

Question 9

What led to dense pop’ns? What lead to new economies?

Answer 9

Reliance on maritime resources; irrigation, maize, and trade

Question 10

Coastal pop’ns relied on the ocean for ____% of subsistence

Answer 10

90%

Question 11

When were there sedentary villages of several hundred people along the N coast? What is this site called?

Answer 11

2500-1800BC; Huaca Prieta

Question 12

When do we see cotton weaving and a wave of monumental construction? Textiles were important and distinctive b/w coast and highlands

Answer 12

Initial Period

Question 13

Where were the first complex societies on the coast? When?

Answer 13

Caral; 5000yrs ago

Question 14

Where is Aspero (rio Supe)? what is the one mound? - when?

Answer 14

Caral, Huaca de los Idolos- 3055BC

Question 15

When was caral a large kingdom? how many centres?

Answer 15

2600BC - 17 centres

Question 16

What industrial crops were at caral? When was it abandoned?

Answer 16

cotton and guords; between 2000-1500BC. LARGEST SETTLEMENT AT TIME, EARLIEST PRE-INDUSTRIAL STATE

Question 17

When was there interacting chiefdoms along the north and central coast?

Answer 17

1800BC

Question 18

Where is the oldest U-shaped ceremonial complex ca 1800BC? Where was the same pattern (no resident quarters) at 1700BC?

Answer 18

El Parasio; Huaca Florida

Question 19

Where do we see burnt offereings?

Answer 19

Kotosh

Question 20

Where do we see channelled water?

Answer 20

Chavin de Huantar

Question 21

By 1400BC Sechin Alto was constructed where?

Answer 21

the Casma Valley

Question 22

When do we get platforms and sunken courts?

Answer 22

2000BC

Question 23

There are ____ signs of burial rituals and social ranking in the initial period

Answer 23

few

Question 24

Where was the Chavin art style distinctive?

Answer 24

highland Peru

Question 25

When was the early horizon when civilization began? In Chavin de Huantar?

Answer 25

900BC; 1500BC

Question 26

What is Lanzon? What does chavin art reflect?

Answer 26

jaguar-like human; transformations

Question 27

Where did art originate?

Answer 27

tropical forests

Question 28

When did the Chavin decline? max pop'n size?

Answer 28

600BC; 2-3000

Question 29

What site is like Chavin?

Answer 29

Huaricoto - 2000-200BC

Question 30

What was the Kotosh religious tradition?

Answer 30

sacrificial hearths; period of disruptions not unification

Question 31

When do we see fine textiles?

Answer 31

The Initial period and the early horizon

Question 32

Where are the most spectacular forms of large cemeteries? (2)

Answer 32

on Paracus Pen. and the Chinchorro culture of S. Peru and N. Chile

Question 33

Where is the earliest preserve textiles and when; how many colours? which were prominent?

Answer 33

4500BC on the coast; 190 colours, blue and red

Question 34

When do we get finer cloth at the paracas? where was weaving done?

Answer 34

2000BC; on backstrap looms

Question 35

When and were was Chipira?

Answer 35

South shore of L. titicaca; 1400BC - AD100

Question 36

Who was ancestral to Tiawanaku? Beginning of what tradition? When was Tiwanaku contemporary?

Answer 36

Chipira; stone carving; 400BC to AD100- 1200BC had irrigation and textiles spread to s. coast

Question 37

When and were was Pukara a society?

Answer 37

400BC to AD100; NW of L. titicaca

Question 38

What societies were around in the Early intermediate period?

Answer 38

Moche (N.coast), Nasca (south), recuay and Pukara in the highlands

Question 39

___ fine houses may be admin centre, terracing and irrigation in early int.

Answer 39

25

Question 40

What is the time period for the Moche state?

Answer 40

starts in 200BC and lasts 800 years

Question 41

Where is the Moche State located?

Answer 41

Chicama and Moche valleys

Question 42

Which site in the Moche was not looted? What were in the sites

Answer 42

Sipan; finely modelled clay vessels and burials

Question 43

Whose burial was identified on a Moche Clay vessel?

Answer 43

warrior-priest

Question 44

What was the Moche society like?

Answer 44

highly stratified- farmers, fishers, artisans, priests, warriors

Question 45

What does Moche art show?

Answer 45

all aspects of life

Question 46

What techniques did expert metallurgists use?

Answer 46

embossing, annealing, depletion, gilding, alloying, electrochem. plating

Question 47

How were large temples and platforms constructed in the Moche state?

Answer 47

using tax labout

Question 48

What lead to the Moche collapse? When?

Answer 48

disasters - EQ and El Niño droughts in the 6th century

Question 49

When was the middle horizon in the S. Highlands? What do we see at Tiwanaku?

Answer 49

AD 600-1000; monumental buildings

Question 50

What were the first two large political units? What did their collapse near the end of 1st M AD leave?

Answer 50

Wari and Tiwanaku; a large political vacuum- later filled by the Incas

Question 51

What was the wealthiest district around Lake titicaca? good ___ country and irrigation farmin

Answer 51

Tiwanaku; llama

Question 52

When was Tiwanaku the economic and religious focus for the region? What was its pop'n?

Answer 52

AD 450; 20,000

Question 53

Where did the prosperity arise by 600AD in Tiwanaku?

Answer 53

copper working

Question 54

What art style is the tiwanaku related to?

Answer 54

Pukara

Question 55

When does Tiwanaku collapse? What provided them with food

Answer 55

1200AD; raised field systems

Question 56

What was the highland urban and ceremonial centre in the Ayacucho Valley?

Answer 56

Wari

Question 57

What god influenced Wari artstyle?

Answer 57

Viracocha

Question 58

Who maintained storehouses and roads?

Answer 58

the state- controlled food supplies

Question 59

What is the name of the settlement in Wari to exploit copper, lapis lazuli, and obsidian?

Answer 59

Cerro Baul

Question 60

When was Wari abandoned?

Answer 60

9th century AD

Question 61

Which two cities were a part of the Late intermediate?

Answer 61

Sican and Chimor

Question 62

after 700 AD , who filled the vacuum left by the collapse on the Moche coast?

Answer 62

sican; its peak was at AD 900-1100

Question 63

When was there a disruptive El Niño? Where did the power shift?

Answer 63

1050-1100 AD; political power shifted west

Question 64

Who overthrew the Sican state in 1375? What did they have that was more ambitious?

Answer 64

The Chimu state, large storage reservoirs

Question 65

What was Chimu that capital of? How many river valleys did it control?

Answer 65

Chan Chan; 12

Question 66

Why were there massive walls at chan chan?

Answer 66

not defensive, but physical and ritual isolation

Question 67

What did the Chimu rulers practice?

Answer 67

split inheritance

Question 68

How far did the Chimus extend (south) - Who conquered them and when?

Answer 68

lima, 1460s by the Incas

Question 69

The late horizon is the ____ state

Answer 69

Inca

Question 70

When does the Late horizon date to?

Answer 70

AD 1476-1534

Question 71

Who were the early Inca rulers?

Answer 71

petty war leaders

Question 72

How many rulers listed from AD 1200 and Ad 1438? is this reliable ?

Answer 72

8; no

Question 73

What developed in the highlands in the 14th C?

Answer 73

a powerful military confederacy

Question 74

Who rose to power in the beginning of the 15th C AD? What was his small kingdom centered on?

Answer 74

Viracocha Inca, Cuzco

Question 75

Who becomes the living god, cult of _____.

Answer 75

Viracocha; Inti

Question 76

Who was crowned in 1438? who do they conquer?

Answer 76

Inca Yupanqui; Chanca

Question 77

What does Inca yupanki change his name to? What does it mean?

Answer 77

Pachakuti; He who remakes the world

Question 78

What is a taxable labour called?

Answer 78

Mit'a

Question 79

What lead to upward mobility? When did pachakuti control the southern highlands?

Answer 79

success in battle,; 1450

Question 80

Where does Topa Inca extend? what dates

Answer 80

Ecuador, N Argentina, blovia, Chile, conquers Chimu; (1471-1493)

Question 81

Which leader moved into Ecuador?

Answer 81

Wayna Capac

Question 82

Society was organized into __ age divisions

Answer 82

12

Question 83

How many people were a part of the Inca empire at Spanish conquest?

Answer 83

6 million

Question 84

What caused probles of military, economic and admin stress?

Answer 84

split inheritance